Fix 440 MB leak from re-evaluated .tabItem labels

ContentView declared an @EnvironmentObject it never read, so every
SystemMonitor publish (3 s by default) re-evaluated its body. On macOS
the AppKit tab bridge permanently retains the AnyView(Label(...)) behind
each .tabItem, leaking ~6 KB per tick — 519 MB after three days of
uptime, >90% of the process footprint.

Keep the TabView shells free of observable dependencies:

- ContentView: drop the unused @EnvironmentObject, so the body is
  evaluated exactly once.
- SettingsView: split the shell from its two tabs, which now own the
  AppSettings observation (dragging a threshold slider leaked 2 labels
  per step).
- PerformanceView: drop the write-only selection binding (3 labels per
  sub-tab switch).

Two smaller wins while in here:

- GPUMonitor leaked one io_object per GPU poll: leaving a
  `defer { release; IOIteratorNext }` loop via break/return hands back an
  object nobody releases. Replaced with firstMatch(in:), and removed a
  never-released iterator in getAppleSiliconChipName.
- MetricsStore re-encoded the whole 20k-sample history to JSON every
  30 s; saveEvery 10 -> 40 (~2 min). flush() on quit and on background
  is unchanged.

Measured over 10 minutes (~200 refresh cycles): footprint 86-123 MB with
no upward trend, leaked Label views pinned at 4 — the tab items
themselves. Was 519 MB and climbing ~170 MB/day. 55/55 unit tests pass.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

README.md

@@ -5,6 +5,15 @@ A native macOS system monitor application built with SwiftUI. TopManager provide
 ![macOS](https://img.shields.io/badge/macOS-13.0+-blue)
 ![Swift](https://img.shields.io/badge/Swift-5.9-orange)
 ![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPL--3.0-green)
+![Release](https://img.shields.io/badge/release-v1.0.0-brightgreen)
+
+## Download
+
+**[⬇️ Download TopManager 1.0 (.dmg)](https://github.com/hariel1985/TopManager/releases/latest)**
+
+Signed with a Developer ID and **notarized by Apple** — it opens without Gatekeeper
+warnings. Open the DMG and drag TopManager to your Applications folder.
+All [releases](https://github.com/hariel1985/TopManager/releases).
 
 ## Screenshots
 
@@ -29,10 +38,13 @@ A native macOS system monitor application built with SwiftUI. TopManager provide
 ## Features
 
 ### Processes Tab
-- View all running processes with CPU, memory, and thread information
+- View all running processes with CPU, memory, thread, **energy-impact**, and
-- Sort by any column (name, PID, CPU%, memory, threads, user, state)
+  **per-process disk I/O** information
+- Sort by any column (name, PID, CPU/Core, CPU/Total, Energy, memory, Disk I/O, threads, user, state)
 - Process states: Running, Sleeping, Stopped, Zombie
 - Context menu to terminate, force kill, suspend, or resume processes
+- **Deep-dive inspector** (double-click / ⌘I): full executable path, launch
+  arguments, open-file count, disk totals, energy, parent PID, Reveal in Finder
 - Search processes by name or PID
 
 ### Apps Tab
@@ -43,17 +55,38 @@ A native macOS system monitor application built with SwiftUI. TopManager provide
 
 ### Performance Tab
 - Real-time CPU usage graphs (global and per-core)
+- **Selectable time range** (Live / 5m / 30m / 1h / 24h) backed by persistent history
 - Memory usage visualization with donut chart
 - Network throughput monitoring
 - Support for Apple Silicon P-cores and E-cores
 
 ### Power & Storage Tab
+- **System Health score (0–100)** with plain-language diagnosis of what's wrong
+- **Recent Alerts** inbox
+- **Battery & Power**: charge, health (cycle-adjusted), cycle count, condition,
+  temperature, power draw, time remaining, adapter wattage (via IOKit)
 - System status: macOS version, uptime, thermal state
 - CPU and GPU core counts
 - GPU memory/VRAM usage
 - Storage volumes with usage bars
 - Network interface statistics
 
+### Proactive monitoring
+- **Alerts engine** with native macOS notifications on sustained high CPU,
+  critical memory pressure, disk almost full, thermal throttling, runaway
+  processes, and low battery — de-duplicated so you're never spammed
+- **Persistent metric history** stored to disk; trends survive restarts
+
+### Menu Bar
+- Configurable menu-bar metric (CPU % / Memory % / Health / Download)
+- Dropdown with live CPU/memory/network/GPU/battery, System Health score, and
+  **Top CPU Consumers** with one-click quit
+
+### Settings (⌘,)
+- **Launch at login** (SMAppService)
+- Adjustable refresh interval (1–30 s)
+- Notification toggle and alert thresholds (CPU, disk, low battery)
+
 ## Requirements
 
 - macOS 13.0 or later
@@ -74,10 +107,20 @@ A native macOS system monitor application built with SwiftUI. TopManager provide
 
 This project is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0 - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.
 
+## Testing
+
+Logic is covered by an XCTest suite (`TopManagerTests`, 55 tests) run via
+`scripts/test.sh test`. The full manual + automated process is documented in
+[docs/TESTING.md](docs/TESTING.md), and the product direction in
+[docs/VALUE_PLAN.md](docs/VALUE_PLAN.md).
+
 ## Acknowledgments
 
 Built with SwiftUI and native macOS APIs including:
-- `libproc` for process information
+- `libproc` / `rusage_info` for process information, disk I/O and energy signals
-- `IOKit` for GPU and hardware monitoring
+- `IOKit` for GPU, battery (AppleSmartBattery) and hardware monitoring
 - `Metal` for GPU detection
 - `SystemConfiguration` for network monitoring
+- `UserNotifications` for proactive alerts
+- `ServiceManagement` (SMAppService) for launch-at-login
+- Swift `Charts` for time-series visualization

TopManager.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -8,88 +8,127 @@
 
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+		24F63686869A69C8B0FCD7FA /* MetricsStoreTests.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 0E786723FC46A64EFF5D3CE4 /* MetricsStoreTests.swift */; };
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+		2B74C177F49B4358D9642712 /* ProcessDataTests.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 332290DABD5326C87258723C /* ProcessDataTests.swift */; };
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 		D6FC8D1EACCB4DED5DF39372 /* TopManagerApp.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = A404EBD588B7ACD36079A95D /* TopManagerApp.swift */; };
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 		EB0D84848F42134927F9C9B1 /* NetworkMonitor.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 347E47F825E496F40FD8ED11 /* NetworkMonitor.swift */; };
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 /* End PBXBuildFile section */
 
+/* Begin PBXContainerItemProxy section */
+		B01CE3A16D70795D608951EE /* PBXContainerItemProxy */ = {
+			isa = PBXContainerItemProxy;
+			containerPortal = 4BAFF5CBBA9A1302C6CCDCD2 /* Project object */;
+			proxyType = 1;
+			remoteGlobalIDString = F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB;
+			remoteInfo = TopManager;
+		};
+/* End PBXContainerItemProxy section */
+
 /* Begin PBXFileReference section */
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 		C4F1ACD0492CAB741595DEAA /* ContentView.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = ContentView.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
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 /* End PBXFileReference section */
 
 /* Begin PBXGroup section */
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-			isa = PBXGroup;
-			children = (
-				1A2B3C4D5E6F7A8B9C0D1E2F /* AppsView.swift */,
-			);
-			path = Apps;
-			sourceTree = "<group>";
-		};
 		06D63CC4D5468CEC1E31137A /* Services */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
+				C2C96471F109FF1C20ABF59E /* AlertCenter.swift */,
+				892247B0F17363DFC146EDF8 /* AppSettings.swift */,
 				19ED582C412C63A0A2E2103E /* CPUMonitor.swift */,
 				162FC58F6C44EC1DD7022A86 /* DiskMonitor.swift */,
 				BE3BB62AE0DC43777AD00658 /* GPUMonitor.swift */,
 				27FDD19B8DBB7D955A5ECB5B /* MemoryMonitor.swift */,
+				05CC33DC4E93F6ED2E52F4E1 /* MetricsStore.swift */,
 				347E47F825E496F40FD8ED11 /* NetworkMonitor.swift */,
+				95F7CCD4F64BE7478DFAA17F /* PowerMonitor.swift */,
 				295232B4C746511757DCF8FE /* ProcessMonitor.swift */,
 				279B972C08A878053821285D /* SystemMonitor.swift */,
 			);
@@ -100,6 +139,7 @@
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
 				36BB5A20B1330E54F2DCF357 /* TopManager */,
+				D078BA97D4F498E5282AC5E0 /* TopManagerTests */,
 				E6438D9AF8EDEFEDCB087B38 /* Products */,
 			);
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -107,11 +147,14 @@
 		32ADF00BA31F63CAE52B2D0A /* Models */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
+				0D5B918C9462144E9EE7880A /* Alert.swift */,
 				44281079654C7E1C9E16806C /* CPUInfo.swift */,
 				352CA1BE2A3B43643A9DBD72 /* DiskInfo.swift */,
 				F481045B4FC6017F50849FF1 /* GPUInfo.swift */,
+				C70E54E350F7C8C22D342594 /* HealthModel.swift */,
 				BD3EDCDEDF4A0CE1921A3B25 /* MemoryInfo.swift */,
 				3010F605712E09175D9D8878 /* NetworkInfo.swift */,
+				51C512B13DC0C1024CF39A5E /* PowerInfo.swift */,
 				4CF69D4888FDBB3669619A1A /* ProcessInfo.swift */,
 			);
 			path = Models;
@@ -141,6 +184,7 @@
 				7326AE4B2D75476BDCFE3FFB /* MemoryLineChart.swift */,
 				BBFADE83965AA863B775A910 /* NetworkChartView.swift */,
 				F80A817DCDA254349DEA6F06 /* PerformanceView.swift */,
+				9AA15E30C4B694CB36DC0893 /* TrendChartView.swift */,
 			);
 			path = Performance;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -153,6 +197,14 @@
 			path = Resources;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
+		6901D0C7B3DA57547BCFAAFC /* Apps */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				813543165B39EBD213EB3BC7 /* AppsView.swift */,
+			);
+			path = Apps;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
 		9C38088C52BDE6A2BA1CEF73 /* Utilities */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
@@ -166,7 +218,9 @@
 			children = (
 				C4F1ACD0492CAB741595DEAA /* ContentView.swift */,
 				9D71CC63FC2FEF52A069372E /* MenuBarView.swift */,
-				3C4D5E6F7A8B9C0D1E2F3A4B /* Apps */,
+				AACBF14FFC5EC68C9E438040 /* SettingsView.swift */,
+				6901D0C7B3DA57547BCFAAFC /* Apps */,
+				CD1E8360C279FD4EFAD85DF6 /* Health */,
 				4935484C55FD4C912A30D623 /* Performance */,
 				CC52DA4C64987575E4D96A00 /* PowerStorage */,
 				F2616FC0A232C728E792C2E8 /* Processes */,
@@ -183,10 +237,32 @@
 			path = PowerStorage;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
+		CD1E8360C279FD4EFAD85DF6 /* Health */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				126A382E2755C5061E6D29F5 /* HealthView.swift */,
+			);
+			path = Health;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
+		D078BA97D4F498E5282AC5E0 /* TopManagerTests */ = {
+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
+				70CCC4ED4F2BDC35ABD4F4F6 /* BatteryMathTests.swift */,
+				301352EB5B362C732CE1A246 /* FormattingTests.swift */,
+				E539A84E57291B69D4EE0314 /* HealthAlertTests.swift */,
+				0E786723FC46A64EFF5D3CE4 /* MetricsStoreTests.swift */,
+				332290DABD5326C87258723C /* ProcessDataTests.swift */,
+				01C19ABF49697A97F0C40378 /* SettingsTests.swift */,
+			);
+			path = TopManagerTests;
+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
 		E6438D9AF8EDEFEDCB087B38 /* Products */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
 				A3A3D0B1EB522C9975F71DA8 /* TopManager.app */,
+				0F5A69E0EE7FDD44157911D7 /* TopManagerTests.xctest */,
 			);
 			name = Products;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -203,6 +279,24 @@
 /* End PBXGroup section */
 
 /* Begin PBXNativeTarget section */
+		D28E798AA7BEAA0638DFD52E /* TopManagerTests */ = {
+			isa = PBXNativeTarget;
+			buildConfigurationList = 9D898AF16ACAC9453397ADCE /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "TopManagerTests" */;
+			buildPhases = (
+				692062A41592E988A6547E4C /* Sources */,
+			);
+			buildRules = (
+			);
+			dependencies = (
+				48A04DA713F139236C91459E /* PBXTargetDependency */,
+			);
+			name = TopManagerTests;
+			packageProductDependencies = (
+			);
+			productName = TopManagerTests;
+			productReference = 0F5A69E0EE7FDD44157911D7 /* TopManagerTests.xctest */;
+			productType = "com.apple.product-type.bundle.unit-test";
+		};
 		F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB /* TopManager */ = {
 			isa = PBXNativeTarget;
 			buildConfigurationList = 56829675F6738AEDCFCDEE52 /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "TopManager" */;
@@ -230,8 +324,12 @@
 				BuildIndependentTargetsInParallel = YES;
 				LastUpgradeCheck = 1500;
 				TargetAttributes = {
+					D28E798AA7BEAA0638DFD52E = {
+						DevelopmentTeam = P3663392R2;
+						ProvisioningStyle = Automatic;
+					};
 					F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB = {
-						DevelopmentTeam = "";
+						DevelopmentTeam = P3663392R2;
 						ProvisioningStyle = Automatic;
 					};
 				};
@@ -251,6 +349,7 @@
 			projectRoot = "";
 			targets = (
 				F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB /* TopManager */,
+				D28E798AA7BEAA0638DFD52E /* TopManagerTests */,
 			);
 		};
 /* End PBXProject section */
@@ -268,11 +367,27 @@
 /* End PBXResourcesBuildPhase section */
 
 /* Begin PBXSourcesBuildPhase section */
+		692062A41592E988A6547E4C /* Sources */ = {
+			isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			files = (
+				2DE14B65EA1D4E9B4D9DA5A6 /* BatteryMathTests.swift in Sources */,
+				49D85FF611927294159C89D1 /* FormattingTests.swift in Sources */,
+				489E29F78A4093D3548673E6 /* HealthAlertTests.swift in Sources */,
+				24F63686869A69C8B0FCD7FA /* MetricsStoreTests.swift in Sources */,
+				2B74C177F49B4358D9642712 /* ProcessDataTests.swift in Sources */,
+				8789C5F4A1AF4B1E8E434D71 /* SettingsTests.swift in Sources */,
+			);
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
+		};
 		CF5286324D09B9417D3070C3 /* Sources */ = {
 			isa = PBXSourcesBuildPhase;
 			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
 			files = (
-				2B3C4D5E6F7A8B9C0D1E2F3A /* AppsView.swift in Sources */,
+				EB7EAB13C0DC7865BB1A99D5 /* Alert.swift in Sources */,
+				67F66E7EC7C01A6309DC060E /* AlertCenter.swift in Sources */,
+				7A6088469A2643D360B35B89 /* AppSettings.swift in Sources */,
+				A7EC9FB55D5088D669491C11 /* AppsView.swift in Sources */,
 				DE50ECC69FCE60B10364802C /* ByteFormatters.swift in Sources */,
 				FA252F9182ADDA26AD1E54DE /* CPUChartView.swift in Sources */,
 				1F212CE158B7D14B29077B18 /* CPUInfo.swift in Sources */,
@@ -283,27 +398,42 @@
 				8F9ED99AB6D8D90AE79B5179 /* DiskUsageView.swift in Sources */,
 				1F25A84B560709AE71C27D23 /* GPUInfo.swift in Sources */,
 				E379C349DC9617D6C505B74B /* GPUMonitor.swift in Sources */,
+				79E837AE662021C521F7E74F /* HealthModel.swift in Sources */,
+				6A0810422D2EC8F9F5D191C4 /* HealthView.swift in Sources */,
 				E40A4E80ED4092A3D3A9C219 /* MemoryDonutView.swift in Sources */,
 				7A1144E43159D96564C13164 /* MemoryInfo.swift in Sources */,
 				266B888ADE2FDDBCEC8D28A5 /* MemoryLineChart.swift in Sources */,
 				F5722D2B18EF7ABF43847EE4 /* MemoryMonitor.swift in Sources */,
 				35852165B2DA76AB7F073723 /* MenuBarView.swift in Sources */,
+				BCBAC37351B9A3878CC3F01B /* MetricsStore.swift in Sources */,
 				CB7F422FBF9F6D152FC4F41B /* NetworkChartView.swift in Sources */,
 				E4AF7F7CA1E1FE8638CA5A77 /* NetworkInfo.swift in Sources */,
 				EB0D84848F42134927F9C9B1 /* NetworkMonitor.swift in Sources */,
 				00EC5A90B7B8C6C5015D90D1 /* PerformanceView.swift in Sources */,
+				B0165358B483B0ECC28DB4DE /* PowerInfo.swift in Sources */,
+				D9E882888E23C26B748E22CF /* PowerMonitor.swift in Sources */,
 				501C13D57386C179C0B3B14B /* PowerStorageView.swift in Sources */,
 				C077A279E20A90FD6038CCB0 /* ProcessDetailView.swift in Sources */,
 				744F52D036D1F3E081923382 /* ProcessInfo.swift in Sources */,
 				9146403BC02D18A234444DF6 /* ProcessMonitor.swift in Sources */,
 				0AA7D351AEB05078FA9B4B93 /* ProcessView.swift in Sources */,
+				B89695749D32F394DB459C15 /* SettingsView.swift in Sources */,
 				DB3603F30B6F559BE66E4349 /* SystemMonitor.swift in Sources */,
 				D6FC8D1EACCB4DED5DF39372 /* TopManagerApp.swift in Sources */,
+				9F3A8E658859AD9C325E52A8 /* TrendChartView.swift in Sources */,
 			);
 			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
 		};
 /* End PBXSourcesBuildPhase section */
 
+/* Begin PBXTargetDependency section */
+		48A04DA713F139236C91459E /* PBXTargetDependency */ = {
+			isa = PBXTargetDependency;
+			target = F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB /* TopManager */;
+			targetProxy = B01CE3A16D70795D608951EE /* PBXContainerItemProxy */;
+		};
+/* End PBXTargetDependency section */
+
 /* Begin XCBuildConfiguration section */
 		00F8AAE6BB8D4ED66312B6CB /* Release */ = {
 			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
@@ -360,7 +490,7 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
 				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
 				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = dwarf;
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "";
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = P3663392R2;
 				ENABLE_HARDENED_RUNTIME = YES;
 				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
 				ENABLE_TESTABILITY = YES;
@@ -390,6 +520,24 @@
 			};
 			name = Debug;
 		};
+		C0DE23B98ECF14373EAC79A6 /* Release */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				BUNDLE_LOADER = "$(TEST_HOST)";
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
+				GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
+					"$(inherited)",
+					"@executable_path/../Frameworks",
+					"@loader_path/../Frameworks",
+				);
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.topmanager.TopManagerTests;
+				SDKROOT = macosx;
+				TEST_HOST = "$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)/TopManager.app/Contents/MacOS/TopManager";
+			};
+			name = Release;
+		};
 		C4D5AD1B7274BBED9D423AC0 /* Debug */ = {
 			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
 			buildSettings = {
@@ -445,7 +593,7 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
 				COPY_PHASE_STRIP = NO;
 				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = "dwarf-with-dsym";
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "";
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = P3663392R2;
 				ENABLE_HARDENED_RUNTIME = YES;
 				ENABLE_NS_ASSERTIONS = NO;
 				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
@@ -468,6 +616,24 @@
 			};
 			name = Release;
 		};
+		EABC414CD1181D6B70269064 /* Debug */ = {
+			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
+			buildSettings = {
+				BUNDLE_LOADER = "$(TEST_HOST)";
+				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
+				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
+				GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE = YES;
+				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
+					"$(inherited)",
+					"@executable_path/../Frameworks",
+					"@loader_path/../Frameworks",
+				);
+				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = com.topmanager.TopManagerTests;
+				SDKROOT = macosx;
+				TEST_HOST = "$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)/TopManager.app/Contents/MacOS/TopManager";
+			};
+			name = Debug;
+		};
 /* End XCBuildConfiguration section */
 
 /* Begin XCConfigurationList section */
@@ -480,6 +646,15 @@
 			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
 			defaultConfigurationName = Debug;
 		};
+		9D898AF16ACAC9453397ADCE /* Build configuration list for PBXNativeTarget "TopManagerTests" */ = {
+			isa = XCConfigurationList;
+			buildConfigurations = (
+				EABC414CD1181D6B70269064 /* Debug */,
+				C0DE23B98ECF14373EAC79A6 /* Release */,
+			);
+			defaultConfigurationIsVisible = 0;
+			defaultConfigurationName = Debug;
+		};
 		A70528C1B1F0BAB178B0B048 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "TopManager" */ = {
 			isa = XCConfigurationList;
 			buildConfigurations = (

TopManager.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/TopManager.xcscheme

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Scheme
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "1500"
+   version = "1.7">
+   <BuildAction
+      parallelizeBuildables = "YES"
+      buildImplicitDependencies = "YES"
+      runPostActionsOnFailure = "NO">
+      <BuildActionEntries>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "YES"
+            buildForProfiling = "YES"
+            buildForArchiving = "YES"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "YES">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB"
+               BuildableName = "TopManager.app"
+               BlueprintName = "TopManager"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:TopManager.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+         <BuildActionEntry
+            buildForTesting = "YES"
+            buildForRunning = "NO"
+            buildForProfiling = "NO"
+            buildForArchiving = "NO"
+            buildForAnalyzing = "NO">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "D28E798AA7BEAA0638DFD52E"
+               BuildableName = "TopManagerTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "TopManagerTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:TopManager.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </BuildActionEntry>
+      </BuildActionEntries>
+   </BuildAction>
+   <TestAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      onlyGenerateCoverageForSpecifiedTargets = "NO">
+      <MacroExpansion>
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB"
+            BuildableName = "TopManager.app"
+            BlueprintName = "TopManager"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:TopManager.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </MacroExpansion>
+      <Testables>
+         <TestableReference
+            skipped = "NO"
+            parallelizable = "NO">
+            <BuildableReference
+               BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+               BlueprintIdentifier = "D28E798AA7BEAA0638DFD52E"
+               BuildableName = "TopManagerTests.xctest"
+               BlueprintName = "TopManagerTests"
+               ReferencedContainer = "container:TopManager.xcodeproj">
+            </BuildableReference>
+         </TestableReference>
+      </Testables>
+      <CommandLineArguments>
+      </CommandLineArguments>
+   </TestAction>
+   <LaunchAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug"
+      selectedDebuggerIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Debugger.LLDB"
+      selectedLauncherIdentifier = "Xcode.DebuggerFoundation.Launcher.LLDB"
+      launchStyle = "0"
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      ignoresPersistentStateOnLaunch = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES"
+      debugServiceExtension = "internal"
+      allowLocationSimulation = "YES">
+      <BuildableProductRunnable
+         runnableDebuggingMode = "0">
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB"
+            BuildableName = "TopManager.app"
+            BlueprintName = "TopManager"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:TopManager.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </BuildableProductRunnable>
+      <CommandLineArguments>
+      </CommandLineArguments>
+   </LaunchAction>
+   <ProfileAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      shouldUseLaunchSchemeArgsEnv = "YES"
+      savedToolIdentifier = ""
+      useCustomWorkingDirectory = "NO"
+      debugDocumentVersioning = "YES">
+      <BuildableProductRunnable
+         runnableDebuggingMode = "0">
+         <BuildableReference
+            BuildableIdentifier = "primary"
+            BlueprintIdentifier = "F86DD5615146D759EB0D44EB"
+            BuildableName = "TopManager.app"
+            BlueprintName = "TopManager"
+            ReferencedContainer = "container:TopManager.xcodeproj">
+         </BuildableReference>
+      </BuildableProductRunnable>
+   </ProfileAction>
+   <AnalyzeAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Debug">
+   </AnalyzeAction>
+   <ArchiveAction
+      buildConfiguration = "Release"
+      revealArchiveInOrganizer = "YES">
+   </ArchiveAction>
+</Scheme>

TopManager/Models/Alert.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum AlertSeverity: Int, Comparable {
+    case info = 0, warning, critical
+    static func < (lhs: AlertSeverity, rhs: AlertSeverity) -> Bool { lhs.rawValue < rhs.rawValue }
+
+    var label: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .info: return "Info"
+        case .warning: return "Warning"
+        case .critical: return "Critical"
+        }
+    }
+    var symbol: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .info: return "info.circle.fill"
+        case .warning: return "exclamationmark.triangle.fill"
+        case .critical: return "exclamationmark.octagon.fill"
+        }
+    }
+    var colorName: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .info: return "blue"
+        case .warning: return "orange"
+        case .critical: return "red"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Distinct alert categories. The kind is the de-dup key: at most one active
+/// alert per kind at a time, so we never storm the user with duplicates.
+enum AlertKind: String {
+    case cpuHigh, memoryPressure, diskFull, thermal, runawayProcess, lowBattery
+}
+
+/// Named `SystemAlert` (not `Alert`) to avoid shadowing SwiftUI's `Alert` type
+/// inside view files.
+struct SystemAlert: Identifiable {
+    let id = UUID()
+    let kind: AlertKind
+    let title: String
+    let message: String
+    let severity: AlertSeverity
+    let timestamp: Date
+}
+
+/// User-tunable thresholds (wired to Settings in a later increment; sensible
+/// defaults here).
+struct AlertThresholds: Equatable {
+    var cpuPercent: Double = 90
+    var cpuSustainedCycles: Int = 3
+    var memoryPressureCritical = true
+    var diskUsedFraction: Double = 0.95
+    var thermalSerious = true
+    var processCpuPercent: Double = 190   // per-core (~1.9 cores) sustained
+    var processSustainedCycles: Int = 3
+    var lowBatteryPercent = 15
+}
+
+/// Pure helper for "sustained" conditions: a breach must persist for N
+/// consecutive samples before it fires, and it clears as soon as it recovers.
+/// Returned `count` is fed back in on the next call.
+enum AlertEvaluator {
+    static func sustained(breached: Bool, previousCount: Int, requiredCycles: Int) -> (firing: Bool, count: Int) {
+        let count = breached ? previousCount + 1 : 0
+        return (count >= requiredCycles, count)
+    }
+}

TopManager/Models/HealthModel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import Foundation
+
+/// Architecture-neutral thermal level so the pure health model doesn't depend on
+/// Foundation's `ProcessInfo.ThermalState` (keeps it trivially unit-testable).
+enum ThermalLevel {
+    case nominal, fair, serious, critical
+}
+
+/// Everything the health score needs, as plain values.
+struct HealthInput {
+    let cpuUsage: Double            // global CPU %
+    let memoryPressure: MemoryPressure
+    let swapUsedBytes: UInt64
+    let thermal: ThermalLevel
+    let diskUsedFraction: Double    // 0…1 for the fullest volume
+}
+
+/// Computes a 0–100 "system health" score and a plain-language diagnosis.
+/// This is what turns raw numbers into "is my Mac OK, and if not, why?".
+enum HealthModel {
+    static func score(_ input: HealthInput) -> Int {
+        var score = 100.0
+
+        // Sustained high CPU: lose up to ~20 points as usage climbs 60→100%.
+        if input.cpuUsage > 60 {
+            score -= min(20, (input.cpuUsage - 60) * 0.5)
+        }
+
+        switch input.memoryPressure {
+        case .warning: score -= 15
+        case .critical: score -= 30
+        default: break
+        }
+
+        if input.swapUsedBytes > 2_000_000_000 { score -= 10 }
+        else if input.swapUsedBytes > 500_000_000 { score -= 5 }
+
+        switch input.thermal {
+        case .fair: score -= 5
+        case .serious: score -= 20
+        case .critical: score -= 35
+        case .nominal: break
+        }
+
+        if input.diskUsedFraction > 0.95 { score -= 15 }
+        else if input.diskUsedFraction > 0.90 { score -= 8 }
+
+        return max(0, min(100, Int(score.rounded())))
+    }
+
+    static func diagnosis(_ input: HealthInput) -> [String] {
+        var issues: [String] = []
+        if input.cpuUsage > 85 {
+            issues.append("CPU is heavily loaded (\(Int(input.cpuUsage))%)")
+        }
+        switch input.memoryPressure {
+        case .critical: issues.append("Memory pressure is critical — the system is low on RAM")
+        case .warning: issues.append("Memory pressure is elevated")
+        default: break
+        }
+        if input.swapUsedBytes > 2_000_000_000 {
+            issues.append("High swap usage — closing apps may help")
+        }
+        switch input.thermal {
+        case .serious, .critical: issues.append("System is running hot and may be throttling")
+        default: break
+        }
+        if input.diskUsedFraction > 0.90 {
+            issues.append("Startup disk is nearly full (\(Int(input.diskUsedFraction * 100))%)")
+        }
+        return issues
+    }
+
+    static func rating(_ score: Int) -> String {
+        switch score {
+        case 85...: return "Excellent"
+        case 70..<85: return "Good"
+        case 50..<70: return "Fair"
+        default: return "Poor"
+        }
+    }
+}

TopManager/Models/PowerInfo.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import Foundation
+
+/// Battery / power state. Mirrors what Activity Monitor's Energy tab and the
+/// macOS battery menu surface, which TopManager currently lacks entirely.
+struct PowerInfo {
+    let hasBattery: Bool
+    let currentCharge: Int          // 0–100 %
+    let isCharging: Bool
+    let isPluggedIn: Bool           // external power connected
+    let fullyCharged: Bool
+    let cycleCount: Int?
+    let designCapacity: Int?        // mAh
+    let maxCapacity: Int?           // mAh (current full-charge capacity)
+    let temperature: Double?        // °C
+    let voltage: Double?            // volts
+    let amperage: Int?              // mA (negative while discharging)
+    let timeToEmpty: Int?           // minutes (nil if unknown/charging)
+    let timeToFull: Int?            // minutes (nil if unknown/discharging)
+    let adapterWatts: Int?          // power adapter rating
+
+    /// Battery health as current-full-charge ÷ design capacity.
+    var healthPercent: Double? {
+        guard let maxCapacity, let designCapacity, designCapacity > 0 else { return nil }
+        return BatteryMath.healthPercent(maxCapacity: maxCapacity, designCapacity: designCapacity)
+    }
+
+    var condition: BatteryCondition {
+        BatteryMath.condition(healthPercent: healthPercent, cycleCount: cycleCount)
+    }
+
+    /// Instantaneous power flow in watts (positive = charging, negative = draining).
+    var powerWatts: Double? {
+        guard let voltage, let amperage else { return nil }
+        return BatteryMath.watts(volts: voltage, milliAmps: amperage)
+    }
+
+    var powerSourceLabel: String {
+        isPluggedIn ? "AC Power" : "Battery Power"
+    }
+}
+
+enum BatteryCondition: String {
+    case normal = "Normal"
+    case serviceRecommended = "Service Recommended"
+    case unknown = "Unknown"
+
+    var color: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .normal: return "green"
+        case .serviceRecommended: return "orange"
+        case .unknown: return "gray"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Pure, testable battery math (no IOKit, no clock).
+enum BatteryMath {
+    static func healthPercent(maxCapacity: Int, designCapacity: Int) -> Double {
+        guard designCapacity > 0 else { return 0 }
+        return Double(maxCapacity) / Double(designCapacity) * 100
+    }
+
+    /// Apple flags "Service Recommended" as health degrades or cycles climb.
+    /// This approximates that classification from the raw numbers.
+    static func condition(healthPercent: Double?, cycleCount: Int?) -> BatteryCondition {
+        guard let healthPercent else { return .unknown }
+        if healthPercent < 80 { return .serviceRecommended }
+        if let cycleCount, cycleCount > 1000 { return .serviceRecommended }
+        return .normal
+    }
+
+    static func watts(volts: Double, milliAmps: Int) -> Double {
+        volts * Double(milliAmps) / 1000.0
+    }
+
+    /// Format a minutes duration as "2h 15m" / "45m"; nil-safe caller.
+    static func formatMinutes(_ minutes: Int) -> String {
+        guard minutes > 0 else { return "—" }
+        let h = minutes / 60
+        let m = minutes % 60
+        return h > 0 ? "\(h)h \(m)m" : "\(m)m"
+    }
+}

TopManager/Models/ProcessInfo.swift

@@ -14,9 +14,17 @@ struct ProcessItem: Identifiable, Hashable {
     let icon: NSImage?
     let parentPid: pid_t
     let startTime: Date?
+    let diskReadRate: Double    // bytes/sec read from disk
+    let diskWriteRate: Double   // bytes/sec written to disk
+    let diskReadBytes: UInt64   // cumulative bytes read
+    let diskWriteBytes: UInt64  // cumulative bytes written
+    let energyImpact: Double    // heuristic energy-impact score (proxy for Activity Monitor's)
+    let executablePath: String?
 
     var iconPlaceholder: String { "" }
 
+    var diskTotalRate: Double { diskReadRate + diskWriteRate }
+
     init(
         pid: pid_t,
         name: String,
@@ -28,7 +36,13 @@ struct ProcessItem: Identifiable, Hashable {
         state: ProcessState,
         icon: NSImage?,
         parentPid: pid_t,
-        startTime: Date?
+        startTime: Date?,
+        diskReadRate: Double = 0,
+        diskWriteRate: Double = 0,
+        diskReadBytes: UInt64 = 0,
+        diskWriteBytes: UInt64 = 0,
+        energyImpact: Double = 0,
+        executablePath: String? = nil
     ) {
         self.id = pid
         self.pid = pid
@@ -42,6 +56,12 @@ struct ProcessItem: Identifiable, Hashable {
         self.icon = icon
         self.parentPid = parentPid
         self.startTime = startTime
+        self.diskReadRate = diskReadRate
+        self.diskWriteRate = diskWriteRate
+        self.diskReadBytes = diskReadBytes
+        self.diskWriteBytes = diskWriteBytes
+        self.energyImpact = energyImpact
+        self.executablePath = executablePath
     }
 
     func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
@@ -54,7 +74,19 @@ struct ProcessItem: Identifiable, Hashable {
         lhs.cpuUsageTotal == rhs.cpuUsageTotal &&
         lhs.memoryUsage == rhs.memoryUsage &&
         lhs.threadCount == rhs.threadCount &&
-        lhs.state == rhs.state
+        lhs.state == rhs.state &&
+        lhs.diskReadRate == rhs.diskReadRate &&
+        lhs.diskWriteRate == rhs.diskWriteRate &&
+        lhs.energyImpact == rhs.energyImpact
+    }
+}
+
+/// Heuristic "energy impact" proxy. This is *not* Apple's exact private formula;
+/// it approximates it: sustained CPU dominates, with a smaller penalty for idle
+/// (timer) wakeups, which correlate with power draw even at low CPU.
+enum EnergyModel {
+    static func impact(cpuPercent: Double, idleWakeupsPerSec: Double) -> Double {
+        max(0, cpuPercent) + max(0, idleWakeupsPerSec) * 0.045
     }
 }
 

TopManager/Services/AlertCenter.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import Foundation
+import Combine
+import UserNotifications
+
+/// The proactive brain: each refresh it computes the system health score and
+/// evaluates alert conditions, firing a native notification + inbox entry on the
+/// transition into each condition (never duplicating a still-active alert).
+@MainActor
+final class AlertCenter: ObservableObject {
+    static let shared = AlertCenter()
+
+    @Published var healthScore: Int = 100
+    @Published var diagnosis: [String] = []
+    @Published var alerts: [SystemAlert] = []                // inbox, newest first
+    @Published private(set) var activeKinds: Set<AlertKind> = []
+
+    @Published var thresholds = AlertThresholds()
+    @Published var notificationsEnabled = true
+
+    private let inboxLimit = 50
+    private var cpuCount = 0
+    private var procCount = 0
+    private var notificationsAuthorized = false
+
+    private init() {}
+
+    var activeAlertCount: Int { activeKinds.count }
+
+    func requestNotificationAuthorization() {
+        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().requestAuthorization(options: [.alert, .sound]) { granted, _ in
+            Task { @MainActor in self.notificationsAuthorized = granted }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func evaluate(cpuUsage: Double,
+                  memory: MemoryInfo?,
+                  disk: DiskInfo?,
+                  thermal: ThermalLevel,
+                  topProcess: ProcessItem?,
+                  power: PowerInfo?) {
+        let diskFraction = disk?.volumes.map { $0.usagePercentage / 100 }.max() ?? 0
+
+        // Health score + diagnosis
+        let input = HealthInput(
+            cpuUsage: cpuUsage,
+            memoryPressure: memory?.memoryPressure ?? .unknown,
+            swapUsedBytes: memory?.swapUsed ?? 0,
+            thermal: thermal,
+            diskUsedFraction: diskFraction
+        )
+        healthScore = HealthModel.score(input)
+        diagnosis = HealthModel.diagnosis(input)
+
+        // CPU (sustained)
+        let cpuEval = AlertEvaluator.sustained(breached: cpuUsage >= thresholds.cpuPercent,
+                                               previousCount: cpuCount,
+                                               requiredCycles: thresholds.cpuSustainedCycles)
+        cpuCount = cpuEval.count
+        setActive(.cpuHigh, active: cpuEval.firing,
+                  title: "High CPU usage",
+                  message: String(format: "CPU has stayed above %.0f%% (now %.0f%%).", thresholds.cpuPercent, cpuUsage),
+                  severity: .warning)
+
+        // Memory pressure
+        let memCritical = thresholds.memoryPressureCritical && memory?.memoryPressure == .critical
+        setActive(.memoryPressure, active: memCritical,
+                  title: "Critical memory pressure",
+                  message: "The system is very low on memory. Consider closing apps.",
+                  severity: .critical)
+
+        // Disk
+        let diskFull = diskFraction >= thresholds.diskUsedFraction
+        setActive(.diskFull, active: diskFull,
+                  title: "Disk almost full",
+                  message: String(format: "A volume is %.0f%% full.", diskFraction * 100),
+                  severity: .warning)
+
+        // Thermal
+        let thermalBad = thresholds.thermalSerious && (thermal == .serious || thermal == .critical)
+        setActive(.thermal, active: thermalBad,
+                  title: "System is running hot",
+                  message: "Thermal state is elevated; performance may be throttled.",
+                  severity: thermal == .critical ? .critical : .warning)
+
+        // Runaway process (sustained)
+        let runaway = (topProcess?.cpuUsage ?? 0) >= thresholds.processCpuPercent
+        let procEval = AlertEvaluator.sustained(breached: runaway,
+                                                previousCount: procCount,
+                                                requiredCycles: thresholds.processSustainedCycles)
+        procCount = procEval.count
+        setActive(.runawayProcess, active: procEval.firing,
+                  title: "Runaway process",
+                  message: topProcess.map { "\($0.name) (PID \($0.pid)) is using \(Int($0.cpuUsage))% CPU." } ?? "",
+                  severity: .warning)
+
+        // Low battery
+        let lowBattery = (power?.hasBattery ?? false)
+            && !(power?.isPluggedIn ?? true)
+            && (power?.currentCharge ?? 100) <= thresholds.lowBatteryPercent
+        setActive(.lowBattery, active: lowBattery,
+                  title: "Low battery",
+                  message: "Battery is at \(power?.currentCharge ?? 0)% and not charging.",
+                  severity: .warning)
+    }
+
+    private func setActive(_ kind: AlertKind, active: Bool, title: String, message: String, severity: AlertSeverity) {
+        if active {
+            guard !activeKinds.contains(kind) else { return }   // de-dup: already firing
+            activeKinds.insert(kind)
+            let alert = SystemAlert(kind: kind, title: title, message: message, severity: severity, timestamp: Date())
+            alerts.insert(alert, at: 0)
+            if alerts.count > inboxLimit { alerts.removeLast(alerts.count - inboxLimit) }
+            postNotification(alert)
+        } else {
+            activeKinds.remove(kind)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func postNotification(_ alert: SystemAlert) {
+        guard notificationsEnabled, notificationsAuthorized else { return }
+        let content = UNMutableNotificationContent()
+        content.title = alert.title
+        content.body = alert.message
+        content.sound = alert.severity == .critical ? .defaultCritical : .default
+        let request = UNNotificationRequest(identifier: alert.id.uuidString, content: content, trigger: nil)
+        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().add(request)
+    }
+
+    func clearInbox() {
+        alerts.removeAll()
+    }
+}

TopManager/Services/AppSettings.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import Foundation
+import ServiceManagement
+
+/// What the menu-bar title shows at a glance.
+enum MenuBarMetric: String, CaseIterable, Identifiable {
+    case cpu = "CPU %"
+    case memory = "Memory %"
+    case health = "Health"
+    case download = "Download"
+    var id: String { rawValue }
+}
+
+/// Wraps the macOS login-item API (SMAppService, macOS 13+).
+enum LoginItem {
+    static var isEnabled: Bool {
+        SMAppService.mainApp.status == .enabled
+    }
+    static func setEnabled(_ enabled: Bool) {
+        do {
+            if enabled {
+                if SMAppService.mainApp.status != .enabled { try SMAppService.mainApp.register() }
+            } else {
+                if SMAppService.mainApp.status == .enabled { try SMAppService.mainApp.unregister() }
+            }
+        } catch {
+            NSLog("TopManager: login item toggle failed: \(error.localizedDescription)")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Persisted user preferences. Changes are written to `UserDefaults` and pushed
+/// into the running services (monitor cadence, alert thresholds, notifications).
+@MainActor
+final class AppSettings: ObservableObject {
+    static let shared = AppSettings()
+
+    private let d = UserDefaults.standard
+
+    @Published var refreshInterval: Double {
+        didSet {
+            d.set(refreshInterval, forKey: Keys.refreshInterval)
+            SystemMonitor.shared.updateRefreshInterval(refreshInterval)
+        }
+    }
+    @Published var menuBarMetric: MenuBarMetric {
+        didSet { d.set(menuBarMetric.rawValue, forKey: Keys.menuBarMetric) }
+    }
+    @Published var notificationsEnabled: Bool {
+        didSet {
+            d.set(notificationsEnabled, forKey: Keys.notificationsEnabled)
+            AlertCenter.shared.notificationsEnabled = notificationsEnabled
+        }
+    }
+    @Published var cpuAlertThreshold: Double {
+        didSet {
+            d.set(cpuAlertThreshold, forKey: Keys.cpuAlertThreshold)
+            AlertCenter.shared.thresholds.cpuPercent = cpuAlertThreshold
+        }
+    }
+    @Published var diskAlertPercent: Double {
+        didSet {
+            d.set(diskAlertPercent, forKey: Keys.diskAlertPercent)
+            AlertCenter.shared.thresholds.diskUsedFraction = diskAlertPercent / 100
+        }
+    }
+    @Published var lowBatteryPercent: Int {
+        didSet {
+            d.set(lowBatteryPercent, forKey: Keys.lowBatteryPercent)
+            AlertCenter.shared.thresholds.lowBatteryPercent = lowBatteryPercent
+        }
+    }
+    @Published var launchAtLogin: Bool {
+        didSet { LoginItem.setEnabled(launchAtLogin) }
+    }
+
+    private init() {
+        refreshInterval = AppSettings.clampInterval(d.object(forKey: Keys.refreshInterval) as? Double ?? 3.0)
+        menuBarMetric = MenuBarMetric(rawValue: d.string(forKey: Keys.menuBarMetric) ?? "") ?? .cpu
+        notificationsEnabled = d.object(forKey: Keys.notificationsEnabled) as? Bool ?? true
+        cpuAlertThreshold = d.object(forKey: Keys.cpuAlertThreshold) as? Double ?? 90
+        diskAlertPercent = d.object(forKey: Keys.diskAlertPercent) as? Double ?? 95
+        lowBatteryPercent = d.object(forKey: Keys.lowBatteryPercent) as? Int ?? 15
+        launchAtLogin = LoginItem.isEnabled
+    }
+
+    /// Push all persisted values into the live services (call once on launch).
+    func applyAll() {
+        SystemMonitor.shared.updateRefreshInterval(refreshInterval)
+        AlertCenter.shared.notificationsEnabled = notificationsEnabled
+        AlertCenter.shared.thresholds.cpuPercent = cpuAlertThreshold
+        AlertCenter.shared.thresholds.diskUsedFraction = diskAlertPercent / 100
+        AlertCenter.shared.thresholds.lowBatteryPercent = lowBatteryPercent
+    }
+
+    /// Refresh cadence must stay in a sane range (1–30s).
+    nonisolated static func clampInterval(_ value: Double) -> Double {
+        min(30, max(1, value))
+    }
+
+    private enum Keys {
+        static let refreshInterval = "refreshInterval"
+        static let menuBarMetric = "menuBarMetric"
+        static let notificationsEnabled = "notificationsEnabled"
+        static let cpuAlertThreshold = "cpuAlertThreshold"
+        static let diskAlertPercent = "diskAlertPercent"
+        static let lowBatteryPercent = "lowBatteryPercent"
+    }
+}

TopManager/Services/GPUMonitor.swift

@@ -86,14 +86,8 @@ final class GPUMonitor {
     }
 
     private static func getAppleSiliconChipName() -> String? {
-        let matchingDict = IOServiceMatching("IOPlatformExpertDevice")
-        var service: io_service_t = 0
-
-        guard IOServiceGetMatchingServices(kIOMainPortDefault, matchingDict, &service) == KERN_SUCCESS else {
-            return nil
-        }
-
         let platformExpert = IOServiceGetMatchingService(kIOMainPortDefault, IOServiceMatching("IOPlatformExpertDevice"))
+        guard platformExpert != 0 else { return nil }
         defer { IOObjectRelease(platformExpert) }
 
         if let modelData = IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(
@@ -125,6 +119,25 @@ final class GPUMonitor {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Walks an `io_iterator_t` and returns the first non-`nil` value `body`
+    /// produces, releasing **every** object it pulled out of the iterator.
+    ///
+    /// The obvious `while` + `defer { release; next() }` shape leaks one
+    /// `io_object_t` whenever the loop is left with `break`/`return`, because
+    /// the deferred `IOIteratorNext` hands back an object nobody releases. At a
+    /// GPU poll every few seconds that leaks tens of thousands of mach port
+    /// rights per day.
+    private static func firstMatch<T>(in iterator: io_iterator_t, _ body: (io_service_t) -> T?) -> T? {
+        var result: T?
+        while result == nil {
+            let service = IOIteratorNext(iterator)
+            guard service != 0 else { break }
+            result = body(service)
+            IOObjectRelease(service)
+        }
+        return result
+    }
+
     private func fetchAppleSiliconGPUInfo() -> GPUInfo? {
         // Apple Silicon uses unified memory - get memory pressure instead
         let totalMemory = ProcessInfo.processInfo.physicalMemory
@@ -139,38 +152,31 @@ final class GPUMonitor {
         if IOServiceGetMatchingServices(kIOMainPortDefault, matchingDict, &iterator) == KERN_SUCCESS {
             defer { IOObjectRelease(iterator) }
 
-            var service = IOIteratorNext(iterator)
+            _ = Self.firstMatch(in: iterator) { service -> Bool? in
-            while service != 0 {
+                guard let props = IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(
-                defer {
-                    IOObjectRelease(service)
-                    service = IOIteratorNext(iterator)
-                }
-
-                if let props = IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(
                     service,
                     "PerformanceStatistics" as CFString,
                     kCFAllocatorDefault,
                     0
-                )?.takeRetainedValue() as? [String: Any] {
+                )?.takeRetainedValue() as? [String: Any] else { return nil }
 
-                    // Try various keys for GPU memory on Apple Silicon
+                // Try various keys for GPU memory on Apple Silicon
-                    if let inUse = props["In use system memory"] as? UInt64 {
+                if let inUse = props["In use system memory"] as? UInt64 {
-                        inUseSystemMemory = inUse
+                    inUseSystemMemory = inUse
-                    } else if let inUse = props["Alloc system memory"] as? UInt64 {
+                } else if let inUse = props["Alloc system memory"] as? UInt64 {
-                        inUseSystemMemory = inUse
+                    inUseSystemMemory = inUse
-                    } else if let inUse = props["inUseSystemMemory"] as? UInt64 {
+                } else if let inUse = props["inUseSystemMemory"] as? UInt64 {
-                        inUseSystemMemory = inUse
+                    inUseSystemMemory = inUse
-                    }
-
-                    // GPU utilization
-                    if let util = props["Device Utilization %"] as? Int {
-                        utilizationPercent = Double(util)
-                    } else if let util = props["GPU Activity(%)"] as? Int {
-                        utilizationPercent = Double(util)
-                    }
-
-                    break
                 }
+
+                // GPU utilization
+                if let util = props["Device Utilization %"] as? Int {
+                    utilizationPercent = Double(util)
+                } else if let util = props["GPU Activity(%)"] as? Int {
+                    utilizationPercent = Double(util)
+                }
+
+                return true
             }
         }
 
@@ -194,13 +200,7 @@ final class GPUMonitor {
         }
         defer { IOObjectRelease(iterator) }
 
-        var service = IOIteratorNext(iterator)
+        return Self.firstMatch(in: iterator) { service -> GPUInfo? in
-        while service != 0 {
-            defer {
-                IOObjectRelease(service)
-                service = IOIteratorNext(iterator)
-            }
-
             var name = "GPU"
             if let modelData = IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperty(
                 service,
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ final class GPUMonitor {
                     isUnifiedMemory: false
                 )
             }
-        }
 
-        return nil
+            return nil
+        }
     }
 }

TopManager/Services/MetricsStore.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+import Foundation
+
+/// A single point-in-time snapshot of system-wide metrics, persisted to disk so
+/// history survives app restarts (the live in-RAM histories only hold ~60 points).
+struct MetricsSample: Codable, Identifiable, Equatable {
+    let t: Date          // timestamp
+    let cpu: Double      // global CPU usage %
+    let memUsed: UInt64
+    let memTotal: UInt64
+    let netDown: Double  // bytes/sec
+    let netUp: Double    // bytes/sec
+
+    var id: Date { t }
+
+    var memPercent: Double {
+        memTotal > 0 ? Double(memUsed) / Double(memTotal) * 100 : 0
+    }
+}
+
+/// Pure, side-effect-free math over samples. Kept separate from `MetricsStore`
+/// so it is trivially unit-testable without touching disk or the clock.
+enum MetricsMath {
+    /// Drop samples older than `maxAge` (relative to `now`) and cap total count,
+    /// keeping the most recent `maxCount`.
+    static func trim(_ samples: [MetricsSample], now: Date, maxAge: TimeInterval, maxCount: Int) -> [MetricsSample] {
+        let cutoff = now.addingTimeInterval(-maxAge)
+        var result = samples.filter { $0.t >= cutoff }
+        if result.count > maxCount {
+            result = Array(result.suffix(maxCount))
+        }
+        return result
+    }
+
+    /// Average samples into fixed-width time buckets so long ranges (e.g. 24h)
+    /// plot ~100 points instead of tens of thousands. `bucket <= 0` returns input.
+    static func downsample(_ samples: [MetricsSample], bucket: TimeInterval) -> [MetricsSample] {
+        guard bucket > 0, samples.count > 1 else { return samples }
+
+        var groups: [Int64: [MetricsSample]] = [:]
+        for s in samples {
+            let key = Int64((s.t.timeIntervalSince1970 / bucket).rounded(.down))
+            groups[key, default: []].append(s)
+        }
+
+        return groups.keys.sorted().map { key in
+            let group = groups[key]!
+            let n = Double(group.count)
+            let midpoint = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: (Double(key) + 0.5) * bucket)
+            return MetricsSample(
+                t: midpoint,
+                cpu: group.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.cpu } / n,
+                memUsed: UInt64(group.reduce(0.0) { $0 + Double($1.memUsed) } / n),
+                memTotal: group.map { $0.memTotal }.max() ?? 0,
+                netDown: group.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.netDown } / n,
+                netUp: group.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.netUp } / n
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Selectable time window for trend charts.
+enum HistoryRange: String, CaseIterable, Identifiable {
+    case live = "Live"
+    case m5 = "5m"
+    case m30 = "30m"
+    case h1 = "1h"
+    case h24 = "24h"
+
+    var id: String { rawValue }
+
+    /// Window length in seconds; `nil` for the live (in-RAM) view.
+    var seconds: TimeInterval? {
+        switch self {
+        case .live: return nil
+        case .m5: return 5 * 60
+        case .m30: return 30 * 60
+        case .h1: return 60 * 60
+        case .h24: return 24 * 60 * 60
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Downsample bucket size chosen to keep ~100–150 plotted points.
+    var bucket: TimeInterval {
+        switch self {
+        case .live: return 0
+        case .m5: return 0       // ~raw (refresh cadence already ~3s)
+        case .m30: return 15
+        case .h1: return 30
+        case .h24: return 600
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Thread-safe on-disk ring buffer of `MetricsSample`s.
+///
+/// Access to the backing array is guarded by a lock; file writes happen on a
+/// background queue from a snapshot so the recording thread never blocks on I/O.
+final class MetricsStore {
+    static let shared = MetricsStore()
+
+    private let lock = NSLock()
+    private var _samples: [MetricsSample] = []
+    private let fileURL: URL
+    private let maxAge: TimeInterval
+    private let maxCount: Int
+    private let saveEvery: Int
+    private var unsaved = 0
+    private let ioQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.topmanager.metricsstore.io", qos: .utility)
+
+    /// - Note: `saveEvery` is deliberately coarse. Every save re-encodes the
+    ///   *whole* history (up to `maxCount` samples), which costs a few hundred
+    ///   thousand transient allocations; at the old cadence of 10 that ran twice
+    ///   a minute and kept the malloc small zone needlessly dirty. 40 samples is
+    ///   ~2 minutes at the default 3 s refresh, and `flush()` still runs on quit
+    ///   and when the app goes to the background.
+    init(fileURL: URL? = nil,
+         maxAge: TimeInterval = 24 * 60 * 60,
+         maxCount: Int = 20_000,
+         saveEvery: Int = 40) {
+        self.fileURL = fileURL ?? Self.defaultFileURL()
+        self.maxAge = maxAge
+        self.maxCount = maxCount
+        self.saveEvery = saveEvery
+        load()
+    }
+
+    static func defaultFileURL() -> URL {
+        let base = FileManager.default.urls(for: .applicationSupportDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first
+            ?? URL(fileURLWithPath: NSTemporaryDirectory())
+        let dir = base.appendingPathComponent("TopManager", isDirectory: true)
+        try? FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: dir, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
+        return dir.appendingPathComponent("metrics-history.json")
+    }
+
+    /// Append a sample, trim, and persist on a throttled cadence.
+    func record(_ sample: MetricsSample) {
+        lock.lock()
+        _samples.append(sample)
+        _samples = MetricsMath.trim(_samples, now: sample.t, maxAge: maxAge, maxCount: maxCount)
+        unsaved += 1
+        let snapshot: [MetricsSample]? = unsaved >= saveEvery ? _samples : nil
+        if snapshot != nil { unsaved = 0 }
+        lock.unlock()
+
+        if let snapshot { persist(snapshot) }
+    }
+
+    func samples(since date: Date) -> [MetricsSample] {
+        lock.lock(); defer { lock.unlock() }
+        return _samples.filter { $0.t >= date }
+    }
+
+    var count: Int {
+        lock.lock(); defer { lock.unlock() }
+        return _samples.count
+    }
+
+    /// Samples for a chart range, downsampled for long windows.
+    func downsampled(for range: HistoryRange, now: Date = Date()) -> [MetricsSample] {
+        guard let secs = range.seconds else { return [] }
+        let windowed = samples(since: now.addingTimeInterval(-secs))
+        return MetricsMath.downsample(windowed, bucket: range.bucket)
+    }
+
+    /// Force an immediate save (e.g. on stop / quit).
+    func flush() {
+        lock.lock()
+        let snapshot = _samples
+        unsaved = 0
+        lock.unlock()
+        persist(snapshot)
+    }
+
+    private func persist(_ snapshot: [MetricsSample]) {
+        ioQueue.async { [fileURL] in
+            guard let data = try? JSONEncoder().encode(snapshot) else { return }
+            try? data.write(to: fileURL, options: .atomic)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func load() {
+        guard let data = try? Data(contentsOf: fileURL),
+              let decoded = try? JSONDecoder().decode([MetricsSample].self, from: data) else {
+            return
+        }
+        lock.lock()
+        _samples = MetricsMath.trim(decoded, now: Date(), maxAge: maxAge, maxCount: maxCount)
+        lock.unlock()
+    }
+}

TopManager/Services/PowerMonitor.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import Foundation
+import IOKit
+
+/// Reads battery / power state from the AppleSmartBattery IORegistry entry.
+/// No entitlements or root required. On a desktop Mac (no battery) it reports
+/// `hasBattery == false` and AC power.
+final class PowerMonitor {
+
+    func fetchPowerInfo() -> PowerInfo {
+        let service = IOServiceGetMatchingService(kIOMainPortDefault, IOServiceMatching("AppleSmartBattery"))
+        guard service != 0 else {
+            // No battery (e.g. Mac mini / Studio / Pro): assume AC power.
+            return PowerInfo(
+                hasBattery: false, currentCharge: 100, isCharging: false, isPluggedIn: true,
+                fullyCharged: true, cycleCount: nil, designCapacity: nil, maxCapacity: nil,
+                temperature: nil, voltage: nil, amperage: nil, timeToEmpty: nil,
+                timeToFull: nil, adapterWatts: nil
+            )
+        }
+        defer { IOObjectRelease(service) }
+
+        var unmanagedProps: Unmanaged<CFMutableDictionary>?
+        guard IORegistryEntryCreateCFProperties(service, &unmanagedProps, kCFAllocatorDefault, 0) == KERN_SUCCESS,
+              let props = unmanagedProps?.takeRetainedValue() as? [String: Any] else {
+            return PowerInfo(
+                hasBattery: false, currentCharge: 100, isCharging: false, isPluggedIn: true,
+                fullyCharged: true, cycleCount: nil, designCapacity: nil, maxCapacity: nil,
+                temperature: nil, voltage: nil, amperage: nil, timeToEmpty: nil,
+                timeToFull: nil, adapterWatts: nil
+            )
+        }
+
+        let int = { (key: String) -> Int? in props[key] as? Int }
+        let bool = { (key: String) -> Bool? in props[key] as? Bool }
+
+        // Percent charge: CurrentCapacity is 0–100 on Apple Silicon.
+        let currentCharge = int("CurrentCapacity") ?? 0
+        let isCharging = bool("IsCharging") ?? false
+        let isPluggedIn = bool("ExternalConnected") ?? false
+        let fullyCharged = bool("FullyCharged") ?? false
+        let cycleCount = int("CycleCount")
+        let designCapacity = int("DesignCapacity")
+        // Raw (mAh) capacity is the meaningful "full charge capacity" on AS.
+        let maxCapacity = int("AppleRawMaxCapacity") ?? int("MaxCapacity")
+        let temperature = int("Temperature").map { Double($0) / 100.0 }   // centi-°C
+        let voltage = int("Voltage").map { Double($0) / 1000.0 }          // mV → V
+        let amperage = int("Amperage")
+
+        let timeToEmpty = normalizedMinutes(int("AvgTimeToEmpty"), valid: !isPluggedIn)
+        let timeToFull = normalizedMinutes(int("AvgTimeToFull"), valid: isCharging)
+
+        let adapterWatts = (props["AdapterDetails"] as? [String: Any])?["Watts"] as? Int
+
+        return PowerInfo(
+            hasBattery: true,
+            currentCharge: currentCharge,
+            isCharging: isCharging,
+            isPluggedIn: isPluggedIn,
+            fullyCharged: fullyCharged,
+            cycleCount: cycleCount,
+            designCapacity: designCapacity,
+            maxCapacity: maxCapacity,
+            temperature: temperature,
+            voltage: voltage,
+            amperage: amperage,
+            timeToEmpty: timeToEmpty,
+            timeToFull: timeToFull,
+            adapterWatts: adapterWatts
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// AppleSmartBattery reports 65535 (or 0) for "still calculating"; treat as unknown.
+    private func normalizedMinutes(_ value: Int?, valid: Bool) -> Int? {
+        guard valid, let value, value > 0, value != 65535 else { return nil }
+        return value
+    }
+}

TopManager/Services/ProcessMonitor.swift

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import AppKit
 
 final class ProcessMonitor {
     private var previousCPUTimes: [pid_t: (user: UInt64, system: UInt64, timestamp: Date)] = [:]
+    private var previousDiskIO: [pid_t: (read: UInt64, write: UInt64, idle: UInt64, timestamp: Date)] = [:]
     private var lastKnownCPU: [pid_t: Double] = [:]  // Cache last known CPU usage
     private let iconCache = NSCache<NSNumber, NSImage>()
     private var noIconPids: Set<pid_t> = []  // Cache for PIDs with no icon
     private var nameCache: [pid_t: String] = [:]
+    private var pathCache: [pid_t: String] = [:]     // Full executable path
     private var userCache: [uid_t: String] = [:]
     private let timebaseInfo: mach_timebase_info_data_t
     private var refreshCounter = 0
@@ -48,8 +50,10 @@ final class ProcessMonitor {
         let stalePids = Set(nameCache.keys).subtracting(currentPids)
         for pid in stalePids {
             nameCache.removeValue(forKey: pid)
+            pathCache.removeValue(forKey: pid)
             iconCache.removeObject(forKey: NSNumber(value: pid))
             previousCPUTimes.removeValue(forKey: pid)
+            previousDiskIO.removeValue(forKey: pid)
             noIconPids.remove(pid)
             lastKnownCPU.removeValue(forKey: pid)
         }
@@ -80,6 +84,11 @@ final class ProcessMonitor {
         let memoryUsage: Int64
         let threadCount: Int32
         let cpuUsage: Double
+        var diskReadRate: Double = 0
+        var diskWriteRate: Double = 0
+        var diskReadBytes: UInt64 = 0
+        var diskWriteBytes: UInt64 = 0
+        var energyImpact: Double = 0
 
         if needsDetailedInfo {
             var taskInfo = proc_taskinfo()
@@ -96,6 +105,17 @@ final class ProcessMonitor {
                     userTime: rusageData.userTime,
                     systemTime: rusageData.systemTime
                 )
+                let extra = computeExtraRates(
+                    pid: pid,
+                    diskRead: rusageData.diskRead,
+                    diskWrite: rusageData.diskWrite,
+                    idleWakeups: rusageData.idleWakeups
+                )
+                diskReadRate = extra.readRate
+                diskWriteRate = extra.writeRate
+                diskReadBytes = rusageData.diskRead
+                diskWriteBytes = rusageData.diskWrite
+                energyImpact = EnergyModel.impact(cpuPercent: cpuUsage, idleWakeupsPerSec: extra.idleWakeupsPerSec)
             } else {
                 memoryUsage = 0
                 threadCount = 0
@@ -126,7 +146,13 @@ final class ProcessMonitor {
             state: state,
             icon: icon,
             parentPid: parentPid,
-            startTime: startTime
+            startTime: startTime,
+            diskReadRate: diskReadRate,
+            diskWriteRate: diskWriteRate,
+            diskReadBytes: diskReadBytes,
+            diskWriteBytes: diskWriteBytes,
+            energyImpact: energyImpact,
+            executablePath: pathCache[pid]
         )
     }
 
@@ -150,6 +176,7 @@ final class ProcessMonitor {
             // This protects against edge cases where buffer might not be null-terminated
             let pathData = Data(bytes: pathBuffer, count: pathLength)
             if let path = String(data: pathData, encoding: .utf8) {
+                pathCache[pid] = path
                 name = (path as NSString).lastPathComponent
             } else {
                 name = "Process \(pid)"
@@ -203,7 +230,16 @@ final class ProcessMonitor {
         return name
     }
 
-    private func fetchRusageData(pid: pid_t) -> (memory: Int64, userTime: UInt64, systemTime: UInt64) {
+    private struct RusageData {
+        var memory: Int64 = 0
+        var userTime: UInt64 = 0
+        var systemTime: UInt64 = 0
+        var diskRead: UInt64 = 0
+        var diskWrite: UInt64 = 0
+        var idleWakeups: UInt64 = 0
+    }
+
+    private func fetchRusageData(pid: pid_t) -> RusageData {
         var rusage = rusage_info_v4()
         let result = withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &rusage) { ptr -> Int32 in
             ptr.withMemoryRebound(to: rusage_info_t?.self, capacity: 1) { rusagePtr in
@@ -212,25 +248,45 @@ final class ProcessMonitor {
         }
 
         if result == 0 {
-            return (
+            return RusageData(
                 memory: Int64(rusage.ri_phys_footprint),
                 userTime: rusage.ri_user_time,
-                systemTime: rusage.ri_system_time
+                systemTime: rusage.ri_system_time,
+                diskRead: rusage.ri_diskio_bytesread,
+                diskWrite: rusage.ri_diskio_byteswritten,
+                idleWakeups: rusage.ri_pkg_idle_wkups
             )
         }
 
-        // Fallback to proc_taskinfo if rusage fails
+        // Fallback to proc_taskinfo if rusage fails (no disk/wakeup data available)
         var taskInfo = proc_taskinfo()
         let taskInfoSize = Int32(MemoryLayout<proc_taskinfo>.size)
         if proc_pidinfo(pid, PROC_PIDTASKINFO, 0, &taskInfo, taskInfoSize) == taskInfoSize {
-            return (
+            return RusageData(
                 memory: Int64(taskInfo.pti_resident_size),
                 userTime: taskInfo.pti_total_user,
                 systemTime: taskInfo.pti_total_system
             )
         }
 
-        return (memory: 0, userTime: 0, systemTime: 0)
+        return RusageData()
+    }
+
+    /// Computes per-second disk read/write and idle-wakeup rates from cumulative
+    /// counters, using the previous snapshot. Mirrors the CPU delta approach.
+    private func computeExtraRates(pid: pid_t, diskRead: UInt64, diskWrite: UInt64, idleWakeups: UInt64)
+        -> (readRate: Double, writeRate: Double, idleWakeupsPerSec: Double) {
+        let now = Date()
+        defer { previousDiskIO[pid] = (diskRead, diskWrite, idleWakeups, now) }
+
+        guard let prev = previousDiskIO[pid] else { return (0, 0, 0) }
+        let dt = now.timeIntervalSince(prev.timestamp)
+        guard dt > 0 else { return (0, 0, 0) }
+
+        let readRate = diskRead >= prev.read ? Double(diskRead - prev.read) / dt : 0
+        let writeRate = diskWrite >= prev.write ? Double(diskWrite - prev.write) / dt : 0
+        let idleRate = idleWakeups >= prev.idle ? Double(idleWakeups - prev.idle) / dt : 0
+        return (readRate, writeRate, idleRate)
     }
 
     private func fetchBasicProcessInfo(pid: pid_t) -> ProcessItem? {
@@ -373,3 +429,55 @@ final class ProcessMonitor {
         previousCPUTimes.removeAll()
     }
 }
+
+// MARK: - On-demand deep inspection (called only when the inspector is open)
+
+/// Pure parser for a KERN_PROCARGS2 buffer, split out so it is unit-testable
+/// without a live process. Layout: [Int32 argc][exec_path\0][\0 padding][argv…][envp…]
+enum ProcArgs {
+    static func parse(_ bytes: [UInt8]) -> (path: String, args: [String])? {
+        guard bytes.count > 4 else { return nil }
+        // argc: first 4 bytes, host little-endian (arm64/x86_64)
+        let argc = Int(bytes[0]) | (Int(bytes[1]) << 8) | (Int(bytes[2]) << 16) | (Int(bytes[3]) << 24)
+        guard argc >= 0 else { return nil }
+
+        var i = 4
+        let pathStart = i
+        while i < bytes.count && bytes[i] != 0 { i += 1 }
+        let path = String(decoding: bytes[pathStart..<i], as: UTF8.self)
+
+        // Skip the NUL padding between exec_path and argv[0]
+        while i < bytes.count && bytes[i] == 0 { i += 1 }
+
+        var args: [String] = []
+        var consumed = 0
+        while consumed < argc && i < bytes.count {
+            let start = i
+            while i < bytes.count && bytes[i] != 0 { i += 1 }
+            args.append(String(decoding: bytes[start..<i], as: UTF8.self))
+            i += 1 // skip the NUL terminator
+            consumed += 1
+        }
+        return (path, args)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Fetches the launch arguments for a process (works for the current user's
+/// processes without elevated privileges; returns [] when denied/unavailable).
+func fetchProcessArguments(pid: pid_t) -> [String] {
+    var mib: [Int32] = [CTL_KERN, KERN_PROCARGS2, pid]
+    var size = 0
+    guard sysctl(&mib, 3, nil, &size, nil, 0) == 0, size > 0 else { return [] }
+
+    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: size)
+    guard sysctl(&mib, 3, &buffer, &size, nil, 0) == 0 else { return [] }
+    // sysctl may shrink `size`; only parse what was actually written.
+    return ProcArgs.parse(Array(buffer.prefix(size)))?.args ?? []
+}
+
+/// Counts open file descriptors for a process (files, sockets, pipes, …).
+func fetchOpenFileCount(pid: pid_t) -> Int? {
+    let bufferSize = proc_pidinfo(pid, PROC_PIDLISTFDS, 0, nil, 0)
+    guard bufferSize > 0 else { return nil }
+    return Int(bufferSize) / MemoryLayout<proc_fdinfo>.stride
+}

TopManager/Services/SystemMonitor.swift

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ final class SystemMonitor: ObservableObject {
     @MainActor @Published var diskInfo: DiskInfo?
     @MainActor @Published var networkInfo: NetworkInfo?
     @MainActor @Published var gpuInfo: GPUInfo?
+    @MainActor @Published var powerInfo: PowerInfo?
     @MainActor @Published var lastError: String?
 
     // History for charts
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ final class SystemMonitor: ObservableObject {
     private let diskMonitor = DiskMonitor()
     private let networkMonitor = NetworkMonitor()
     private let gpuMonitor = GPUMonitor()
+    private let powerMonitor = PowerMonitor()
 
     // Timer
     private var timer: Timer?
@@ -63,24 +65,37 @@ final class SystemMonitor: ObservableObject {
             let processData = self.processMonitor.fetchProcesses()
             let diskData = self.diskMonitor.fetchDiskInfo()
             let gpuData = self.gpuMonitor.fetchGPUInfo()
+            let powerData = self.powerMonitor.fetchPowerInfo()
 
             DispatchQueue.main.async {
                 self.updateUI(cpu: cpuData, memory: memData, network: netData,
-                             processes: processData, disk: diskData, gpu: gpuData)
+                             processes: processData, disk: diskData, gpu: gpuData, power: powerData)
             }
         }
 
-        // Start periodic refresh (3 second interval)
+        // Start periodic refresh at the user-configured cadence
-        timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: 3.0, repeats: true) { [weak self] _ in
+        scheduleTimer(interval: AppSettings.shared.refreshInterval)
+    }
+
+    private func scheduleTimer(interval: Double) {
+        timer?.invalidate()
+        timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: interval, repeats: true) { [weak self] _ in
             self?.backgroundQueue.async {
                 self?.refreshAllBackground()
             }
         }
     }
 
+    /// Change the refresh cadence at runtime (from Settings). No-op if not monitoring.
+    @MainActor func updateRefreshInterval(_ interval: Double) {
+        guard timer != nil else { return }
+        scheduleTimer(interval: AppSettings.clampInterval(interval))
+    }
+
     @MainActor func stopMonitoring() {
         timer?.invalidate()
         timer = nil
+        MetricsStore.shared.flush()
     }
 
     private func refreshAllBackground() {
@@ -98,23 +113,26 @@ final class SystemMonitor: ObservableObject {
             processData = processMonitor.fetchProcesses()
         }
 
-        // Fetch disk and GPU every 3 cycles
+        // Fetch disk, GPU and power every 3 cycles
         var diskData: DiskInfo? = nil
         var gpuData: GPUInfo? = nil
+        var powerData: PowerInfo? = nil
         if currentCount % 3 == 0 {
             diskData = diskMonitor.fetchDiskInfo()
             gpuData = gpuMonitor.fetchGPUInfo()
+            powerData = powerMonitor.fetchPowerInfo()
         }
 
         // Update UI on main thread
         DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
             self?.updateUI(cpu: cpuData, memory: memData, network: netData,
-                          processes: processData, disk: diskData, gpu: gpuData)
+                          processes: processData, disk: diskData, gpu: gpuData, power: powerData)
         }
     }
 
     @MainActor private func updateUI(cpu: CPUInfo?, memory: MemoryInfo?, network: NetworkInfo?,
-                                      processes: [ProcessItem]?, disk: DiskInfo?, gpu: GPUInfo?) {
+                                      processes: [ProcessItem]?, disk: DiskInfo?, gpu: GPUInfo?,
+                                      power: PowerInfo?) {
         if let info = cpu {
             cpuInfo = info
             let historyPoint = CPUHistoryPoint(
@@ -177,6 +195,42 @@ final class SystemMonitor: ObservableObject {
         if let info = gpu {
             gpuInfo = info
         }
+
+        if let info = power {
+            powerInfo = info
+        }
+
+        // Persist a system-wide sample so history survives restarts and long ranges.
+        if let c = cpuInfo, let m = memoryInfo {
+            MetricsStore.shared.record(MetricsSample(
+                t: c.timestamp,
+                cpu: c.globalUsage,
+                memUsed: m.usedMemory,
+                memTotal: m.totalMemory,
+                netDown: networkInfo?.totalDownloadRate ?? 0,
+                netUp: networkInfo?.totalUploadRate ?? 0
+            ))
+        }
+
+        // Proactive health + alert evaluation (runs every cycle).
+        AlertCenter.shared.evaluate(
+            cpuUsage: cpuInfo?.globalUsage ?? 0,
+            memory: memoryInfo,
+            disk: diskInfo,
+            thermal: currentThermalLevel(),
+            topProcess: self.processes.max { $0.cpuUsage < $1.cpuUsage },
+            power: powerInfo
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func currentThermalLevel() -> ThermalLevel {
+        switch ProcessInfo.processInfo.thermalState {
+        case .nominal: return .nominal
+        case .fair: return .fair
+        case .serious: return .serious
+        case .critical: return .critical
+        @unknown default: return .nominal
+        }
     }
 
     // Process control methods with PID validation

TopManager/TopManagerApp.swift

@@ -1,34 +1,68 @@
 import SwiftUI
+import UserNotifications
+
+/// Flushes persisted metrics history when the app is quit, and lets alert banners
+/// appear even while TopManager is the foreground app (macOS suppresses an app's
+/// own notifications in the foreground unless the delegate opts in).
+final class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate, UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {
+    func applicationDidFinishLaunching(_ notification: Notification) {
+        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().delegate = self
+    }
+
+    func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter,
+                                willPresent notification: UNNotification,
+                                withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
+        completionHandler([.banner, .sound, .list])
+    }
+
+    func applicationWillTerminate(_ notification: Notification) {
+        MetricsStore.shared.flush()
+    }
+}
 
 @main
 struct TopManagerApp: App {
     @StateObject private var monitor = SystemMonitor.shared
+    @StateObject private var settings = AppSettings.shared
+    @NSApplicationDelegateAdaptor(AppDelegate.self) private var appDelegate
+    @Environment(\.scenePhase) private var scenePhase
 
     var body: some Scene {
         WindowGroup {
             ContentView()
                 .environmentObject(monitor)
+                .environmentObject(AlertCenter.shared)
+                .environmentObject(settings)
                 .onAppear {
                     monitor.startMonitoring()
+                    settings.applyAll()
+                    AlertCenter.shared.requestNotificationAuthorization()
                 }
         }
         .windowStyle(.automatic)
         .defaultSize(width: 1000, height: 700)
+        .onChange(of: scenePhase) { phase in
+            if phase == .background {
+                MetricsStore.shared.flush()
+            }
+        }
         .commands {
             CommandGroup(replacing: .newItem) { }
         }
 
-        // Menu Bar Extra showing CPU %
+        Settings {
+            SettingsView()
+                .environmentObject(settings)
+        }
+
+        // Menu Bar Extra with configurable metric
         MenuBarExtra {
             MenuBarView()
                 .environmentObject(monitor)
+                .environmentObject(AlertCenter.shared)
+                .environmentObject(settings)
         } label: {
-            if let cpu = monitor.cpuInfo {
+            MenuBarLabel(monitor: monitor, settings: settings, alerts: AlertCenter.shared)
-                Text(String(format: "%.0f%%", cpu.globalUsage))
-                    .monospacedDigit()
-            } else {
-                Image(systemName: "cpu")
-            }
         }
         .menuBarExtraStyle(.window)
     }

TopManager/Views/ContentView.swift

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 import SwiftUI
 
+/// The main window's tab shell.
+///
+/// IMPORTANT: this view must stay free of any observable dependency
+/// (`@EnvironmentObject`, `@StateObject`, `@State`, …). On macOS, every
+/// re-evaluation of a body containing `.tabItem` permanently retains the
+/// wrapped `AnyView(Label(…))` inside the AppKit tab bridge, so a body that
+/// re-runs on the monitor's refresh cadence leaks ~6 KB per tick (≈440 MB over
+/// three days). With no stored properties SwiftUI evaluates this body exactly
+/// once. The tab *contents* observe `SystemMonitor` themselves.
 struct ContentView: View {
-    @EnvironmentObject var monitor: SystemMonitor
-
     var body: some View {
         TabView {
             ProcessView()

TopManager/Views/Health/HealthView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+/// System Health summary card: a 0–100 score, rating, and plain-language
+/// diagnosis of what (if anything) is wrong right now.
+struct HealthCardView: View {
+    @EnvironmentObject var alertCenter: AlertCenter
+
+    var body: some View {
+        GroupBox {
+            HStack(alignment: .top, spacing: 20) {
+                // Score ring
+                ZStack {
+                    Circle()
+                        .stroke(Color.secondary.opacity(0.2), lineWidth: 10)
+                    Circle()
+                        .trim(from: 0, to: CGFloat(alertCenter.healthScore) / 100)
+                        .stroke(scoreColor, style: StrokeStyle(lineWidth: 10, lineCap: .round))
+                        .rotationEffect(.degrees(-90))
+                    VStack(spacing: 0) {
+                        Text("\(alertCenter.healthScore)")
+                            .font(.system(size: 30, weight: .bold, design: .rounded))
+                            .monospacedDigit()
+                        Text(HealthModel.rating(alertCenter.healthScore))
+                            .font(.caption)
+                            .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                    }
+                }
+                .frame(width: 96, height: 96)
+
+                VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 8) {
+                    HStack {
+                        Label("System Health", systemImage: "heart.text.square")
+                            .font(.headline)
+                        Spacer()
+                        if alertCenter.activeAlertCount > 0 {
+                            Label("\(alertCenter.activeAlertCount) active", systemImage: "bell.badge.fill")
+                                .font(.caption)
+                                .foregroundColor(.orange)
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if alertCenter.diagnosis.isEmpty {
+                        Label("Everything looks healthy.", systemImage: "checkmark.circle.fill")
+                            .font(.callout)
+                            .foregroundColor(.green)
+                    } else {
+                        ForEach(alertCenter.diagnosis, id: \.self) { issue in
+                            Label(issue, systemImage: "exclamationmark.triangle.fill")
+                                .font(.callout)
+                                .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Spacer(minLength: 0)
+                }
+            }
+            .padding(.vertical, 8)
+            .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var scoreColor: Color {
+        switch alertCenter.healthScore {
+        case 85...: return .green
+        case 70..<85: return .mint
+        case 50..<70: return .orange
+        default: return .red
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Inbox of recent alerts fired by the AlertCenter.
+struct AlertsInboxView: View {
+    @EnvironmentObject var alertCenter: AlertCenter
+
+    var body: some View {
+        GroupBox {
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 10) {
+                HStack {
+                    Label("Recent Alerts", systemImage: "bell")
+                        .font(.headline)
+                    Spacer()
+                    if !alertCenter.alerts.isEmpty {
+                        Button("Clear") { alertCenter.clearInbox() }
+                            .buttonStyle(.borderless)
+                            .font(.caption)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if alertCenter.alerts.isEmpty {
+                    Text("No alerts. TopManager will notify you if something needs attention.")
+                        .font(.callout)
+                        .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                } else {
+                    ForEach(alertCenter.alerts.prefix(8)) { alert in
+                        AlertRowView(alert: alert)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            .padding(.vertical, 8)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct AlertRowView: View {
+    let alert: SystemAlert
+
+    var body: some View {
+        HStack(alignment: .top, spacing: 8) {
+            Image(systemName: alert.severity.symbol)
+                .foregroundColor(severityColor)
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) {
+                HStack {
+                    Text(alert.title).fontWeight(.medium)
+                    Spacer()
+                    Text(alert.timestamp, style: .time)
+                        .font(.caption)
+                        .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                }
+                Text(alert.message)
+                    .font(.caption)
+                    .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                    .fixedSize(horizontal: false, vertical: true)
+            }
+        }
+        Divider()
+    }
+
+    private var severityColor: Color {
+        switch alert.severity {
+        case .info: return .blue
+        case .warning: return .orange
+        case .critical: return .red
+        }
+    }
+}

TopManager/Views/MenuBarView.swift

@@ -1,10 +1,55 @@
 import SwiftUI
 
+/// The compact menu-bar title. Renders whichever metric the user picked.
+struct MenuBarLabel: View {
+    @ObservedObject var monitor: SystemMonitor
+    @ObservedObject var settings: AppSettings
+    @ObservedObject var alerts: AlertCenter
+
+    var body: some View {
+        switch settings.menuBarMetric {
+        case .cpu:
+            textOrIcon(monitor.cpuInfo.map { String(format: "%.0f%%", $0.globalUsage) }, icon: "cpu")
+        case .memory:
+            textOrIcon(monitor.memoryInfo.map { String(format: "%.0f%%", $0.usagePercentage) }, icon: "memorychip")
+        case .health:
+            Text("♥ \(alerts.healthScore)").monospacedDigit()
+        case .download:
+            textOrIcon(monitor.networkInfo.map { formatBytesPerSecond($0.totalDownloadRate) }, icon: "arrow.down")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @ViewBuilder private func textOrIcon(_ text: String?, icon: String) -> some View {
+        if let text { Text(text).monospacedDigit() } else { Image(systemName: icon) }
+    }
+}
+
 struct MenuBarView: View {
     @EnvironmentObject var monitor: SystemMonitor
+    @EnvironmentObject var alertCenter: AlertCenter
+
+    private var topCPU: [ProcessItem] {
+        monitor.processes.sorted { $0.cpuUsage > $1.cpuUsage }.prefix(3).map { $0 }
+    }
 
     var body: some View {
         VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 8) {
+            HStack {
+                Image(systemName: "heart.text.square")
+                    .frame(width: 16)
+                    .foregroundColor(healthColor)
+                Text("Health:")
+                Spacer()
+                Text("\(alertCenter.healthScore)/100")
+                    .monospacedDigit()
+                    .foregroundColor(healthColor)
+                if alertCenter.activeAlertCount > 0 {
+                    Image(systemName: "bell.badge.fill")
+                        .foregroundColor(.orange)
+                }
+            }
+            Divider()
+
             if let cpu = monitor.cpuInfo {
                 HStack {
                     Image(systemName: "cpu")
@@ -58,6 +103,46 @@ struct MenuBarView: View {
                 }
             }
 
+            if let power = monitor.powerInfo, power.hasBattery {
+                HStack {
+                    Image(systemName: power.isCharging ? "battery.100.bolt" : "battery.100")
+                        .frame(width: 16)
+                    Text("Battery:")
+                    Spacer()
+                    Text("\(power.currentCharge)%")
+                        .monospacedDigit()
+                    if let toEmpty = power.timeToEmpty {
+                        Text("(\(BatteryMath.formatMinutes(toEmpty)))")
+                            .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if !topCPU.isEmpty {
+                Divider()
+                Text("Top CPU Consumers")
+                    .font(.caption)
+                    .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                ForEach(topCPU) { process in
+                    HStack(spacing: 6) {
+                        Text(process.name)
+                            .lineLimit(1)
+                            .truncationMode(.middle)
+                        Spacer()
+                        Text(String(format: "%.0f%%", process.cpuUsage))
+                            .monospacedDigit()
+                            .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                        Button {
+                            _ = monitor.terminateProcess(process.pid, expectedStartTime: process.startTime)
+                        } label: {
+                            Image(systemName: "xmark.circle")
+                        }
+                        .buttonStyle(.borderless)
+                        .help("Quit \(process.name)")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             Divider()
 
             Button("Open TopManager") {
@@ -73,7 +158,16 @@ struct MenuBarView: View {
             .keyboardShortcut("q")
         }
         .padding(12)
-        .frame(width: 220)
+        .frame(width: 240)
+    }
+
+    private var healthColor: Color {
+        switch alertCenter.healthScore {
+        case 85...: return .green
+        case 70..<85: return .mint
+        case 50..<70: return .orange
+        default: return .red
+        }
     }
 }
 

TopManager/Views/Performance/PerformanceView.swift

@@ -1,28 +1,26 @@
 import SwiftUI
 import Charts
 
+/// Sub-tab shell for the Performance tab. The selection is left to SwiftUI on
+/// purpose: an explicit `@State` binding would re-evaluate this body — and so
+/// leak its `.tabItem` labels — on every tab switch. See `ContentView`.
 struct PerformanceView: View {
-    @State private var selectedTab = 0
-
     var body: some View {
-        TabView(selection: $selectedTab) {
+        TabView {
             CPUTabView()
                 .tabItem {
                     Label("CPU", systemImage: "cpu")
                 }
-                .tag(0)
 
             MemoryTabView()
                 .tabItem {
                     Label("Memory", systemImage: "memorychip")
                 }
-                .tag(1)
 
             NetworkTabView()
                 .tabItem {
                     Label("Network", systemImage: "network")
                 }
-                .tag(2)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -31,6 +29,7 @@ struct PerformanceView: View {
 
 struct CPUTabView: View {
     @EnvironmentObject var monitor: SystemMonitor
+    @State private var range: HistoryRange = .live
 
     private let coreColumns = [
         GridItem(.flexible()),
@@ -48,6 +47,7 @@ struct CPUTabView: View {
                         HStack {
                             Text("Total CPU Usage")
                                 .font(.headline)
+                            HistoryRangePicker(range: $range)
                             Spacer()
                             if let cpu = monitor.cpuInfo {
                                 Text(String(format: "%.1f%%", cpu.globalUsage))
@@ -57,8 +57,13 @@ struct CPUTabView: View {
                             }
                         }
 
-                        CPULineChart(history: monitor.cpuHistory)
+                        if range == .live {
-                            .frame(height: 120)
+                            CPULineChart(history: monitor.cpuHistory)
+                                .frame(height: 120)
+                        } else {
+                            MetricTrendChart(samples: MetricsStore.shared.downsampled(for: range), metric: .cpu)
+                                .frame(height: 120)
+                        }
 
                         // Legend
                         HStack(spacing: 20) {
@@ -201,6 +206,7 @@ struct CoreLineChartView: View {
 
 struct MemoryTabView: View {
     @EnvironmentObject var monitor: SystemMonitor
+    @State private var range: HistoryRange = .live
 
     var body: some View {
         ScrollView {
@@ -230,6 +236,7 @@ struct MemoryTabView: View {
                                 HStack {
                                     Text("Memory Usage Over Time")
                                         .font(.headline)
+                                    HistoryRangePicker(range: $range)
                                     Spacer()
                                     if let mem = monitor.memoryInfo {
                                         Text(String(format: "%.1f%%", mem.usagePercentage))
@@ -239,8 +246,13 @@ struct MemoryTabView: View {
                                     }
                                 }
 
-                                MemoryLineChart(history: monitor.memoryHistory)
+                                if range == .live {
-                                    .frame(height: 150)
+                                    MemoryLineChart(history: monitor.memoryHistory)
+                                        .frame(height: 150)
+                                } else {
+                                    MetricTrendChart(samples: MetricsStore.shared.downsampled(for: range), metric: .memory)
+                                        .frame(height: 150)
+                                }
 
                                 if let mem = monitor.memoryInfo {
                                     HStack {
@@ -394,6 +406,7 @@ struct MemoryStatItem: View {
 
 struct NetworkTabView: View {
     @EnvironmentObject var monitor: SystemMonitor
+    @State private var range: HistoryRange = .live
 
     var body: some View {
         ScrollView {
@@ -405,6 +418,7 @@ struct NetworkTabView: View {
                             Label("Download", systemImage: "arrow.down.circle")
                                 .font(.headline)
                                 .foregroundColor(.blue)
+                            HistoryRangePicker(range: $range)
                             Spacer()
                             if let net = monitor.networkInfo {
                                 Text(formatBytesPerSecond(net.totalDownloadRate))
@@ -414,8 +428,13 @@ struct NetworkTabView: View {
                             }
                         }
 
-                        DownloadLineChart(history: monitor.networkHistory)
+                        if range == .live {
-                            .frame(height: 150)
+                            DownloadLineChart(history: monitor.networkHistory)
+                                .frame(height: 150)
+                        } else {
+                            MetricTrendChart(samples: MetricsStore.shared.downsampled(for: range), metric: .download)
+                                .frame(height: 150)
+                        }
                     }
                     .padding(.vertical, 8)
                 }
@@ -436,8 +455,13 @@ struct NetworkTabView: View {
                             }
                         }
 
-                        UploadLineChart(history: monitor.networkHistory)
+                        if range == .live {
-                            .frame(height: 150)
+                            UploadLineChart(history: monitor.networkHistory)
+                                .frame(height: 150)
+                        } else {
+                            MetricTrendChart(samples: MetricsStore.shared.downsampled(for: range), metric: .upload)
+                                .frame(height: 150)
+                        }
                     }
                     .padding(.vertical, 8)
                 }

TopManager/Views/Performance/TrendChartView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+import SwiftUI
+import Charts
+
+/// A range selector segmented control used above the live/trend charts.
+struct HistoryRangePicker: View {
+    @Binding var range: HistoryRange
+
+    var body: some View {
+        Picker("", selection: $range) {
+            ForEach(HistoryRange.allCases) { r in
+                Text(r.rawValue).tag(r)
+            }
+        }
+        .pickerStyle(.segmented)
+        .labelsHidden()
+        .fixedSize()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Store-backed trend chart. Plots one metric of `MetricsSample` over a chosen
+/// window. Used for the non-live ranges (5m / 30m / 1h / 24h).
+struct MetricTrendChart: View {
+    enum Metric { case cpu, memory, download, upload }
+
+    let samples: [MetricsSample]
+    let metric: Metric
+
+    private var color: Color {
+        switch metric {
+        case .cpu: return .gray
+        case .memory: return .purple
+        case .download: return .blue
+        case .upload: return .green
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func value(_ s: MetricsSample) -> Double {
+        switch metric {
+        case .cpu: return s.cpu
+        case .memory: return s.memPercent
+        case .download: return s.netDown
+        case .upload: return s.netUp
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var isPercent: Bool {
+        metric == .cpu || metric == .memory
+    }
+
+    private var yDomain: ClosedRange<Double> {
+        if isPercent { return -5...105 }
+        let maxV = max(samples.map(value).max() ?? 0, 1024)
+        return 0...(maxV * 1.1)
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        Group {
+            if samples.isEmpty {
+                VStack {
+                    Spacer()
+                    Text("Collecting history…")
+                        .font(.caption)
+                        .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                    Spacer()
+                }
+                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+            } else {
+                Chart {
+                    ForEach(samples) { point in
+                        LineMark(
+                            x: .value("Time", point.t),
+                            y: .value("Value", value(point))
+                        )
+                        .foregroundStyle(color)
+                        .lineStyle(StrokeStyle(lineWidth: 1.5))
+
+                        AreaMark(
+                            x: .value("Time", point.t),
+                            y: .value("Value", value(point))
+                        )
+                        .foregroundStyle(color.opacity(0.12))
+                    }
+                }
+                .chartYScale(domain: yDomain)
+                .chartYAxis {
+                    AxisMarks(position: .leading) { value in
+                        AxisGridLine()
+                        AxisValueLabel {
+                            if let v = value.as(Double.self) {
+                                Text(isPercent ? "\(Int(v))%" : formatBytesPerSecond(v))
+                                    .font(.caption2)
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                .chartXAxis {
+                    AxisMarks(values: .automatic(desiredCount: 4)) { _ in
+                        AxisGridLine()
+                    }
+                }
+                .drawingGroup()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

TopManager/Views/PowerStorage/PowerStorageView.swift

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ struct PowerStorageView: View {
     var body: some View {
         ScrollView {
             VStack(spacing: 20) {
+                // System Health score + diagnosis
+                HealthCardView()
+
                 // System Status and GPU side by side
                 HStack(alignment: .top, spacing: 20) {
                     // System Status (left column)
@@ -141,6 +144,11 @@ struct PowerStorageView: View {
                 }
                 .fixedSize(horizontal: false, vertical: true)
 
+                // Battery & Power
+                if let power = monitor.powerInfo {
+                    BatteryStatusView(power: power)
+                }
+
                 // Storage
                 GroupBox {
                     VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 12) {
@@ -184,6 +192,109 @@ struct PowerStorageView: View {
     }
 }
 
+struct BatteryStatusView: View {
+    let power: PowerInfo
+
+    var body: some View {
+        GroupBox {
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 10) {
+                HStack {
+                    Label("Battery & Power", systemImage: batteryIcon)
+                        .font(.headline)
+                    Spacer()
+                    HStack(spacing: 4) {
+                        Image(systemName: power.isPluggedIn ? "powerplug.fill" : "battery.100")
+                            .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                        Text(power.powerSourceLabel)
+                            .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if power.hasBattery {
+                    HStack {
+                        Text("Charge:")
+                        Spacer()
+                        if power.isCharging {
+                            Image(systemName: "bolt.fill").foregroundColor(.yellow)
+                        }
+                        Text("\(power.currentCharge)%").monospacedDigit()
+                    }
+                    ProgressView(value: Double(power.currentCharge), total: 100)
+                        .tint(chargeColor)
+
+                    row("Condition") {
+                        Text(power.condition.rawValue)
+                            .foregroundColor(conditionColor)
+                    }
+
+                    if let health = power.healthPercent {
+                        row("Health (max/design)") {
+                            Text(String(format: "%.0f%%", health)).monospacedDigit()
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if let cycles = power.cycleCount {
+                        row("Cycle Count") { Text("\(cycles)").monospacedDigit() }
+                    }
+                    if let temp = power.temperature {
+                        row("Temperature") { Text(String(format: "%.1f °C", temp)).monospacedDigit() }
+                    }
+                    if let watts = power.powerWatts {
+                        row(power.isCharging ? "Charge Power" : "Power Draw") {
+                            Text(String(format: "%.1f W", abs(watts))).monospacedDigit()
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if let toEmpty = power.timeToEmpty {
+                        row("Time Remaining") { Text(BatteryMath.formatMinutes(toEmpty)).monospacedDigit() }
+                    }
+                    if let toFull = power.timeToFull {
+                        row("Time to Full") { Text(BatteryMath.formatMinutes(toFull)).monospacedDigit() }
+                    }
+                    if let adapter = power.adapterWatts, adapter > 0 {
+                        row("Power Adapter") { Text("\(adapter) W").monospacedDigit() }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    Text("No battery detected — running on AC power.")
+                        .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                }
+            }
+            .padding(.vertical, 8)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func row<Content: View>(_ label: String, @ViewBuilder value: () -> Content) -> some View {
+        HStack {
+            Text(label + ":")
+            Spacer()
+            value()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var batteryIcon: String {
+        if !power.hasBattery { return "powerplug" }
+        if power.isCharging { return "battery.100.bolt" }
+        switch power.currentCharge {
+        case ..<15: return "battery.25"
+        case ..<50: return "battery.50"
+        case ..<85: return "battery.75"
+        default: return "battery.100"
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var chargeColor: Color {
+        if power.currentCharge < 15 { return .red }
+        if power.currentCharge < 30 { return .orange }
+        return .green
+    }
+
+    private var conditionColor: Color {
+        switch power.condition {
+        case .normal: return .green
+        case .serviceRecommended: return .orange
+        case .unknown: return .secondary
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 struct ThermalStateView: View {
     let state: ProcessInfo.ThermalState
 

TopManager/Views/Processes/ProcessDetailView.swift

@@ -1,63 +1,138 @@
 import SwiftUI
+import AppKit
 
-struct ProcessDetailView: View {
+/// Deep-dive inspector for a single process, presented as a sheet. Shows live
-    let process: ProcessItem
+/// stats (looked up from the monitor by PID) plus on-demand details that are too
+/// expensive to compute for every row every cycle: full path, launch arguments,
+/// and open-file-descriptor count.
+struct ProcessInspectorSheet: View {
+    let initialProcess: ProcessItem
+    @EnvironmentObject var monitor: SystemMonitor
+    @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
+
+    @State private var arguments: [String] = []
+    @State private var openFiles: Int?
+    @State private var loadedDetails = false
+
+    /// Prefer the latest live snapshot for this PID; fall back to the one we opened with.
+    private var process: ProcessItem {
+        monitor.processes.first { $0.pid == initialProcess.pid } ?? initialProcess
+    }
 
     var body: some View {
         VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 16) {
-            // Header
+            header
-            HStack(spacing: 12) {
-                if let icon = process.icon {
-                    Image(nsImage: icon)
-                        .resizable()
-                        .frame(width: 48, height: 48)
-                } else {
-                    Image(systemName: "app.dashed")
-                        .font(.system(size: 48))
-                }
 
-                VStack(alignment: .leading) {
+            Divider()
-                    Text(process.name)
-                        .font(.title2)
-                        .fontWeight(.semibold)
 
-                    Text("PID: \(process.pid)")
+            ScrollView {
-                        .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 16) {
-                }
+                    liveStats
-
+                    pathSection
-                Spacer()
+                    detailsSection
-
-                VStack(alignment: .trailing) {
-                    HStack {
-                        Image(systemName: process.state.symbol)
-                        Text(process.state.rawValue)
-                    }
-                    .foregroundColor(stateColor(process.state))
                 }
             }
 
             Divider()
-
+            footer
-            // Details grid
+        }
-            LazyVGrid(columns: [
+        .padding(20)
-                GridItem(.flexible()),
+        .frame(width: 460, height: 560)
-                GridItem(.flexible())
+        .task(id: initialProcess.pid) {
-            ], alignment: .leading, spacing: 12) {
+            let pid = initialProcess.pid
-                DetailRow(label: "CPU Usage", value: String(format: "%.1f%%", process.cpuUsage))
+            let result = await Task.detached(priority: .userInitiated) {
-                DetailRow(label: "Memory", value: formatBytes(process.memoryUsage))
+                (args: fetchProcessArguments(pid: pid), files: fetchOpenFileCount(pid: pid))
-                DetailRow(label: "Threads", value: "\(process.threadCount)")
+            }.value
-                DetailRow(label: "User", value: process.user)
+            arguments = result.args
-                DetailRow(label: "Parent PID", value: "\(process.parentPid)")
+            openFiles = result.files
-
+            loadedDetails = true
-                if let startTime = process.startTime {
+        }
-                    DetailRow(label: "Started", value: formatDate(startTime))
+    }
-                }
+
-            }
+    private var header: some View {
-
+        HStack(spacing: 12) {
-            Spacer()
+            if let icon = process.icon {
+                Image(nsImage: icon).resizable().frame(width: 44, height: 44)
+            } else {
+                Image(systemName: "app.dashed").font(.system(size: 40)).foregroundColor(.secondary)
+            }
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) {
+                Text(process.name).font(.title2).fontWeight(.semibold).lineLimit(1)
+                Text("PID \(process.pid)  •  \(process.user)").foregroundColor(.secondary)
+            }
+            Spacer()
+            HStack(spacing: 4) {
+                Image(systemName: process.state.symbol)
+                Text(process.state.rawValue)
+            }
+            .foregroundColor(stateColor(process.state))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var liveStats: some View {
+        LazyVGrid(columns: [GridItem(.flexible()), GridItem(.flexible()), GridItem(.flexible())],
+                  alignment: .leading, spacing: 12) {
+            DetailRow(label: "CPU (core)", value: String(format: "%.1f%%", process.cpuUsage))
+            DetailRow(label: "CPU (total)", value: String(format: "%.2f%%", process.cpuUsageTotal))
+            DetailRow(label: "Energy", value: String(format: "%.1f", process.energyImpact))
+            DetailRow(label: "Memory", value: formatBytes(process.memoryUsage))
+            DetailRow(label: "Threads", value: "\(process.threadCount)")
+            DetailRow(label: "Open files", value: openFiles.map(String.init) ?? "…")
+            DetailRow(label: "Disk read/s", value: process.diskReadRate > 0 ? formatBytesPerSecond(process.diskReadRate) : "—")
+            DetailRow(label: "Disk write/s", value: process.diskWriteRate > 0 ? formatBytesPerSecond(process.diskWriteRate) : "—")
+            DetailRow(label: "Disk total", value: formatBytes(process.diskReadBytes + process.diskWriteBytes))
+            DetailRow(label: "Parent PID", value: "\(process.parentPid)")
+            if let start = process.startTime {
+                DetailRow(label: "Started", value: formatDate(start))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @ViewBuilder private var pathSection: some View {
+        if let path = process.executablePath {
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 4) {
+                Text("Path").font(.caption).foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                Text(path)
+                    .font(.system(.caption, design: .monospaced))
+                    .textSelection(.enabled)
+                    .lineLimit(3)
+                    .truncationMode(.middle)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @ViewBuilder private var detailsSection: some View {
+        VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 4) {
+            Text("Launch arguments").font(.caption).foregroundColor(.secondary)
+            if !loadedDetails {
+                Text("Loading…").font(.caption).foregroundColor(.secondary)
+            } else if arguments.isEmpty {
+                Text("Unavailable (process may be owned by another user)")
+                    .font(.caption).foregroundColor(.secondary)
+            } else {
+                Text(arguments.joined(separator: " "))
+                    .font(.system(.caption, design: .monospaced))
+                    .textSelection(.enabled)
+                    .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .leading)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var footer: some View {
+        HStack {
+            if let path = process.executablePath {
+                Button {
+                    NSWorkspace.shared.selectFile(path, inFileViewerRootedAtPath: "")
+                } label: { Label("Reveal in Finder", systemImage: "folder") }
+
+                Button {
+                    NSPasteboard.general.clearContents()
+                    NSPasteboard.general.setString(path, forType: .string)
+                } label: { Label("Copy Path", systemImage: "doc.on.doc") }
+            }
+            Spacer()
+            Button("Close") { dismiss() }.keyboardShortcut(.defaultAction)
         }
-        .padding()
-        .frame(minWidth: 300)
     }
 
     private func stateColor(_ state: ProcessState) -> Color {
@@ -95,17 +170,14 @@ struct DetailRow: View {
 }
 
 #Preview {
-    ProcessDetailView(process: ProcessItem(
+    ProcessInspectorSheet(initialProcess: ProcessItem(
-        pid: 1234,
+        pid: 1234, name: "Safari", user: "ariel",
-        name: "Safari",
+        cpuUsage: 12.5, cpuUsageTotal: 1.56,
-        user: "ariel",
+        memoryUsage: 512 * 1024 * 1024, threadCount: 42,
-        cpuUsage: 12.5,
+        state: .running, icon: nil, parentPid: 1, startTime: Date(),
-        cpuUsageTotal: 1.56,
+        diskReadRate: 2048, diskWriteRate: 1024,
-        memoryUsage: 512 * 1024 * 1024,
+        diskReadBytes: 900_000, diskWriteBytes: 400_000,
-        threadCount: 42,
+        energyImpact: 14.2, executablePath: "/Applications/Safari.app/Contents/MacOS/Safari"
-        state: .running,
-        icon: nil,
-        parentPid: 1,
-        startTime: Date()
     ))
+    .environmentObject(SystemMonitor.shared)
 }

TopManager/Views/Processes/ProcessView.swift

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import SwiftUI
 
 enum ProcessSortColumn: String {
-    case name, pid, cpu, cpuTotal, memory, threads, user, state
+    case name, pid, cpu, cpuTotal, memory, threads, user, state, energy, disk
 }
 
 struct ProcessView: View {
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
     @State private var errorTitle = ""
     @State private var errorMessage = ""
 
+    // Deep-dive inspector
+    @State private var inspectorProcess: ProcessItem?
+
     // Protected system processes that cannot be force-killed via UI
     private static let protectedProcesses = ["kernel_task", "launchd", "WindowServer", "loginwindow"]
 
@@ -63,6 +66,10 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
                 comparison = lhs.user.localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare(rhs.user)
             case .state:
                 comparison = lhs.state.rawValue.compare(rhs.state.rawValue)
+            case .energy:
+                comparison = lhs.energyImpact < rhs.energyImpact ? .orderedAscending : (lhs.energyImpact > rhs.energyImpact ? .orderedDescending : .orderedSame)
+            case .disk:
+                comparison = lhs.diskTotalRate < rhs.diskTotalRate ? .orderedAscending : (lhs.diskTotalRate > rhs.diskTotalRate ? .orderedDescending : .orderedSame)
             }
 
             // Primary sort
@@ -89,23 +96,22 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
 
             // Process table
             Table(displayedProcesses, selection: $selectedProcess, sortOrder: $sortOrder) {
-                TableColumn("") { process in
+                TableColumn("Name", value: \.name) { process in
-                    if let icon = process.icon {
+                    HStack(spacing: 6) {
-                        Image(nsImage: icon)
+                        if let icon = process.icon {
-                            .resizable()
+                            Image(nsImage: icon)
-                            .frame(width: 16, height: 16)
+                                .resizable()
-                    } else {
+                                .frame(width: 16, height: 16)
-                        Image(systemName: "app.dashed")
+                        } else {
-                            .frame(width: 16, height: 16)
+                            Image(systemName: "app.dashed")
+                                .frame(width: 16, height: 16)
+                                .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                        }
+                        Text(process.name)
+                            .lineLimit(1)
                     }
                 }
-                .width(24)
+                .width(min: 170, ideal: 220)
-
-                TableColumn("Name", value: \.name) { process in
-                    Text(process.name)
-                        .lineLimit(1)
-                }
-                .width(min: 150, ideal: 200)
 
                 TableColumn("PID", value: \.pid) { process in
                     Text("\(process.pid)")
@@ -127,12 +133,29 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
                 }
                 .width(70)
 
+                TableColumn("Energy", value: \.energyImpact) { process in
+                    Text(String(format: "%.1f", process.energyImpact))
+                        .monospacedDigit()
+                        .foregroundColor(energyColor(process.energyImpact))
+                }
+                .width(60)
+
                 TableColumn("Memory", value: \.memoryUsage) { process in
                     Text(formatBytes(process.memoryUsage))
                         .monospacedDigit()
                 }
                 .width(80)
 
+                TableColumn("Disk I/O", value: \.diskTotalRate) { process in
+                    if process.diskTotalRate > 0 {
+                        Text(formatBytesPerSecond(process.diskTotalRate))
+                            .monospacedDigit()
+                    } else {
+                        Text("—").foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                    }
+                }
+                .width(90)
+
                 TableColumn("Threads", value: \.threadCount) { process in
                     Text("\(process.threadCount)")
                         .monospacedDigit()
@@ -157,6 +180,10 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
             .contextMenu(forSelectionType: ProcessItem.ID.self) { selection in
                 if let pid = selection.first,
                    let process = monitor.processes.first(where: { $0.pid == pid }) {
+                    Button("Get Info (⌘I)") {
+                        inspectorProcess = process
+                    }
+                    Divider()
                     Button("Terminate (⌫)") {
                         initiateTerminate()
                     }
@@ -177,7 +204,11 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
                     }
                 }
             } primaryAction: { selection in
-                // Double-click action
+                // Double-click opens the deep-dive inspector
+                if let pid = selection.first,
+                   let process = monitor.processes.first(where: { $0.pid == pid }) {
+                    inspectorProcess = process
+                }
             }
             .onDeleteCommand {
                 initiateTerminate()
@@ -211,6 +242,10 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
                 sortColumn = .cpuTotal
             } else if keyPathString.contains("cpuUsage") {
                 sortColumn = .cpu
+            } else if keyPathString.contains("energyImpact") {
+                sortColumn = .energy
+            } else if keyPathString.contains("diskTotalRate") {
+                sortColumn = .disk
             } else if keyPathString.contains("memoryUsage") {
                 sortColumn = .memory
             } else if keyPathString.contains("name") {
@@ -229,7 +264,10 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
         }
         .background(
             KeyboardShortcutHandler(
-                onCommandBackspace: { initiateForceKill() }
+                onCommandBackspace: { initiateForceKill() },
+                onCommandI: {
+                    if let process = selectedProcessItem { inspectorProcess = process }
+                }
             )
         )
         .sheet(isPresented: $showTerminateConfirm) {
@@ -268,6 +306,10 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
         } message: {
             Text(errorMessage)
         }
+        .sheet(item: $inspectorProcess) { process in
+            ProcessInspectorSheet(initialProcess: process)
+                .environmentObject(monitor)
+        }
     }
 
     private func initiateTerminate() {
@@ -350,6 +392,17 @@ struct ProcessView: View {
         return .primary
     }
 
+    private func energyColor(_ impact: Double) -> Color {
+        if impact > 50 {
+            return .red
+        } else if impact > 20 {
+            return .orange
+        } else if impact > 8 {
+            return .yellow
+        }
+        return .primary
+    }
+
     private func stateColor(_ state: ProcessState) -> Color {
         switch state {
         case .running: return .green
@@ -441,28 +494,39 @@ struct ConfirmationSheet: View {
 
 struct KeyboardShortcutHandler: NSViewRepresentable {
     let onCommandBackspace: () -> Void
+    var onCommandI: (() -> Void)? = nil
 
     func makeNSView(context: Context) -> NSView {
         let view = KeyCaptureView()
         view.onCommandBackspace = onCommandBackspace
+        view.onCommandI = onCommandI
         return view
     }
 
     func updateNSView(_ nsView: NSView, context: Context) {
         if let view = nsView as? KeyCaptureView {
             view.onCommandBackspace = onCommandBackspace
+            view.onCommandI = onCommandI
         }
     }
 
     class KeyCaptureView: NSView {
         var onCommandBackspace: (() -> Void)?
+        var onCommandI: (() -> Void)?
 
         override func performKeyEquivalent(with event: NSEvent) -> Bool {
-            // Backspace = keyCode 51
+            guard event.modifierFlags.contains(.command) else {
-            if event.keyCode == 51 && event.modifierFlags.contains(.command) {
+                return super.performKeyEquivalent(with: event)
+            }
+            // Backspace = keyCode 51, "i" = keyCode 34
+            if event.keyCode == 51 {
                 onCommandBackspace?()
                 return true
             }
+            if event.keyCode == 34 {
+                onCommandI?()
+                return true
+            }
             return super.performKeyEquivalent(with: event)
         }
     }

TopManager/Views/SettingsView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+/// Settings window shell. Like `ContentView`, it deliberately observes nothing:
+/// a body containing `.tabItem` leaks its `AnyView(Label(…))` on every
+/// re-evaluation, and dragging a threshold slider re-publishes `AppSettings`
+/// on every step. The tabs below own the observation instead.
+struct SettingsView: View {
+    var body: some View {
+        TabView {
+            GeneralSettingsTab()
+                .tabItem { Label("General", systemImage: "gearshape") }
+            AlertSettingsTab()
+                .tabItem { Label("Alerts", systemImage: "bell") }
+        }
+        .frame(width: 440, height: 340)
+        .padding()
+    }
+}
+
+private struct GeneralSettingsTab: View {
+    @EnvironmentObject var settings: AppSettings
+
+    var body: some View {
+        Form {
+            Section {
+                Toggle("Launch at login", isOn: $settings.launchAtLogin)
+
+                VStack(alignment: .leading) {
+                    HStack {
+                        Text("Refresh interval")
+                        Spacer()
+                        Text(String(format: "%.0f s", settings.refreshInterval))
+                            .monospacedDigit()
+                            .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                    }
+                    Slider(value: $settings.refreshInterval, in: 1...30, step: 1)
+                }
+            }
+
+            Section("Menu Bar") {
+                Picker("Show in menu bar", selection: $settings.menuBarMetric) {
+                    ForEach(MenuBarMetric.allCases) { metric in
+                        Text(metric.rawValue).tag(metric)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        .formStyle(.grouped)
+    }
+}
+
+private struct AlertSettingsTab: View {
+    @EnvironmentObject var settings: AppSettings
+
+    var body: some View {
+        Form {
+            Section {
+                Toggle("Enable notifications", isOn: $settings.notificationsEnabled)
+            } footer: {
+                Text("TopManager posts a macOS notification when a threshold is first crossed.")
+                    .font(.caption).foregroundColor(.secondary)
+            }
+
+            Section("Thresholds") {
+                sliderRow(title: "High CPU", value: $settings.cpuAlertThreshold,
+                          range: 50...100, unit: "%")
+                sliderRow(title: "Disk almost full", value: $settings.diskAlertPercent,
+                          range: 80...99, unit: "%")
+                VStack(alignment: .leading) {
+                    HStack {
+                        Text("Low battery")
+                        Spacer()
+                        Text("\(settings.lowBatteryPercent)%").monospacedDigit().foregroundColor(.secondary)
+                    }
+                    Slider(value: Binding(
+                        get: { Double(settings.lowBatteryPercent) },
+                        set: { settings.lowBatteryPercent = Int($0) }
+                    ), in: 5...50, step: 5)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        .formStyle(.grouped)
+    }
+
+    private func sliderRow(title: String, value: Binding<Double>, range: ClosedRange<Double>, unit: String) -> some View {
+        VStack(alignment: .leading) {
+            HStack {
+                Text(title)
+                Spacer()
+                Text(String(format: "%.0f%@", value.wrappedValue, unit))
+                    .monospacedDigit()
+                    .foregroundColor(.secondary)
+            }
+            Slider(value: value, in: range, step: 1)
+        }
+    }
+}

TopManagerTests/BatteryMathTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import TopManager
+
+final class BatteryMathTests: XCTestCase {
+
+    func testHealthPercent() {
+        // 4000 mAh current full-charge vs 5000 mAh design = 80%
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.healthPercent(maxCapacity: 4000, designCapacity: 5000), 80, accuracy: 0.001)
+    }
+
+    func testHealthPercentZeroDesignIsSafe() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.healthPercent(maxCapacity: 100, designCapacity: 0), 0)
+    }
+
+    func testConditionNormalWhenHealthy() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.condition(healthPercent: 92, cycleCount: 120), .normal)
+    }
+
+    func testConditionServiceWhenHealthLow() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.condition(healthPercent: 74, cycleCount: 120), .serviceRecommended)
+    }
+
+    func testConditionServiceWhenCyclesHigh() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.condition(healthPercent: 95, cycleCount: 1200), .serviceRecommended)
+    }
+
+    func testConditionUnknownWhenNoHealth() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.condition(healthPercent: nil, cycleCount: 100), .unknown)
+    }
+
+    func testWattsPositiveWhenCharging() {
+        // 12 V * 2000 mA = 24 W
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.watts(volts: 12, milliAmps: 2000), 24, accuracy: 0.001)
+    }
+
+    func testWattsNegativeWhenDischarging() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.watts(volts: 12, milliAmps: -1500), -18, accuracy: 0.001)
+    }
+
+    func testFormatMinutes() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.formatMinutes(135), "2h 15m")
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.formatMinutes(45), "45m")
+        XCTAssertEqual(BatteryMath.formatMinutes(0), "—")
+    }
+
+    func testPowerInfoDerivedValues() {
+        let p = PowerInfo(
+            hasBattery: true, currentCharge: 66, isCharging: false, isPluggedIn: false,
+            fullyCharged: false, cycleCount: 150, designCapacity: 5000, maxCapacity: 4600,
+            temperature: 30.5, voltage: 12.0, amperage: -1500, timeToEmpty: 200,
+            timeToFull: nil, adapterWatts: nil
+        )
+        XCTAssertEqual(p.healthPercent ?? 0, 92, accuracy: 0.001)
+        XCTAssertEqual(p.condition, .normal)
+        XCTAssertEqual(p.powerWatts ?? 0, -18, accuracy: 0.001)
+        XCTAssertEqual(p.powerSourceLabel, "Battery Power")
+    }
+}

TopManagerTests/FormattingTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import TopManager
+
+/// Baseline tests proving the test harness works and locking in the existing
+/// formatting / model-math behavior so later refactors can't silently break it.
+final class FormattingTests: XCTestCase {
+
+    // MARK: - Byte formatting
+
+    func testFormatBytesZero() {
+        // ByteCountFormatter renders 0 as "Zero KB"/"Zero bytes" depending on OS/locale.
+        let s = formatBytes(UInt64(0)).lowercased()
+        XCTAssertTrue(s.contains("zero") || s.contains("0"), "Unexpected zero rendering: \(s)")
+    }
+
+    func testFormatBytesGigabyteScale() {
+        // 2 GiB in binary style
+        let twoGiB = UInt64(2) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+        let s = formatBytes(twoGiB)
+        XCTAssertTrue(s.contains("GB"), "Expected GB unit, got \(s)")
+        XCTAssertTrue(s.contains("2"), "Expected value 2, got \(s)")
+    }
+
+    func testFormatBytesNegativeDoubleClampsToZero() {
+        // Double overload clamps negatives to 0 rather than trapping on UInt64(negative)
+        let s = formatBytes(Double(-500)).lowercased()
+        XCTAssertTrue(s.contains("zero") || s.contains("0"), "Unexpected clamp rendering: \(s)")
+    }
+
+    func testFormatBytesPerSecondBelowOne() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(formatBytesPerSecond(0.4), "0 B/s")
+    }
+
+    func testFormatBytesPerSecondSuffix() {
+        let s = formatBytesPerSecond(5 * 1024 * 1024) // 5 MiB/s
+        XCTAssertTrue(s.hasSuffix("/s"), "Expected /s suffix, got \(s)")
+        XCTAssertTrue(s.contains("MB"), "Expected MB unit, got \(s)")
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Percentage
+
+    func testFormatPercentageDefaultDecimals() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(formatPercentage(12.345), "12.3%")
+    }
+
+    func testFormatPercentageCustomDecimals() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(formatPercentage(12.345, decimals: 2), "12.35%")
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Uptime
+
+    func testFormatUptimeMinutesOnly() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(formatUptime(45 * 60), "45m")
+    }
+
+    func testFormatUptimeHoursAndMinutes() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(formatUptime(3 * 3600 + 12 * 60), "3h 12m")
+    }
+
+    func testFormatUptimeDays() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(formatUptime(2 * 86400 + 5 * 3600 + 9 * 60), "2d 5h 9m")
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Model math
+
+    func testMemoryUsagePercentage() {
+        let mem = MemoryInfo(
+            totalMemory: 16_000_000_000,
+            usedMemory: 8_000_000_000,
+            freeMemory: 8_000_000_000,
+            activeMemory: 4_000_000_000,
+            inactiveMemory: 2_000_000_000,
+            wiredMemory: 2_000_000_000,
+            compressedMemory: 1_000_000_000,
+            cachedMemory: 1_000_000_000,
+            swapUsed: 0,
+            swapTotal: 0,
+            memoryPressure: .nominal
+        )
+        XCTAssertEqual(mem.usagePercentage, 50.0, accuracy: 0.001)
+        XCTAssertEqual(mem.appMemory, 6_000_000_000)
+    }
+
+    func testMemoryUsagePercentageZeroTotalIsSafe() {
+        let mem = MemoryInfo(
+            totalMemory: 0, usedMemory: 0, freeMemory: 0, activeMemory: 0,
+            inactiveMemory: 0, wiredMemory: 0, compressedMemory: 0, cachedMemory: 0,
+            swapUsed: 0, swapTotal: 0, memoryPressure: .unknown
+        )
+        XCTAssertEqual(mem.usagePercentage, 0)
+    }
+
+    func testVolumeUsagePercentageAndUsedSpace() {
+        let vol = VolumeInfo(
+            name: "Macintosh HD",
+            mountPoint: "/",
+            totalSpace: 1000,
+            freeSpace: 250,
+            fileSystem: "APFS",
+            isRemovable: false,
+            isInternal: true
+        )
+        XCTAssertEqual(vol.usedSpace, 750)
+        XCTAssertEqual(vol.usagePercentage, 75.0, accuracy: 0.001)
+    }
+
+    func testVolumeFreeGreaterThanTotalClampsUsedToZero() {
+        let vol = VolumeInfo(
+            name: "weird", mountPoint: "/x", totalSpace: 100, freeSpace: 200,
+            fileSystem: "APFS", isRemovable: false, isInternal: true
+        )
+        XCTAssertEqual(vol.usedSpace, 0)
+    }
+}

TopManagerTests/HealthAlertTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import TopManager
+
+final class HealthAlertTests: XCTestCase {
+
+    private func healthy() -> HealthInput {
+        HealthInput(cpuUsage: 10, memoryPressure: .nominal, swapUsedBytes: 0,
+                    thermal: .nominal, diskUsedFraction: 0.4)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Health score
+
+    func testHealthyScoreIsExcellent() {
+        let s = HealthModel.score(healthy())
+        XCTAssertEqual(s, 100)
+        XCTAssertEqual(HealthModel.rating(s), "Excellent")
+    }
+
+    func testHighCPULowersScore() {
+        var input = healthy()
+        input = HealthInput(cpuUsage: 100, memoryPressure: .nominal, swapUsedBytes: 0,
+                            thermal: .nominal, diskUsedFraction: 0.4)
+        XCTAssertLessThan(HealthModel.score(input), HealthModel.score(healthy()))
+    }
+
+    func testCriticalMemoryAndThermalCompound() {
+        let input = HealthInput(cpuUsage: 95, memoryPressure: .critical, swapUsedBytes: 3_000_000_000,
+                                thermal: .critical, diskUsedFraction: 0.97)
+        let s = HealthModel.score(input)
+        XCTAssertLessThan(s, 50)
+        XCTAssertEqual(HealthModel.rating(s), "Poor")
+        XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(s, 0)
+    }
+
+    func testScoreClampedToRange() {
+        // Absolute worst case must not underflow below 0.
+        let worst = HealthInput(cpuUsage: 100, memoryPressure: .critical, swapUsedBytes: .max,
+                                thermal: .critical, diskUsedFraction: 1.0)
+        let s = HealthModel.score(worst)
+        XCTAssertTrue((0...100).contains(s))
+    }
+
+    func testDiagnosisEmptyWhenHealthy() {
+        XCTAssertTrue(HealthModel.diagnosis(healthy()).isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    func testDiagnosisReportsProblems() {
+        let input = HealthInput(cpuUsage: 95, memoryPressure: .critical, swapUsedBytes: 3_000_000_000,
+                                thermal: .serious, diskUsedFraction: 0.93)
+        let d = HealthModel.diagnosis(input)
+        XCTAssertFalse(d.isEmpty)
+        XCTAssertTrue(d.contains { $0.localizedCaseInsensitiveContains("CPU") })
+        XCTAssertTrue(d.contains { $0.localizedCaseInsensitiveContains("memory") })
+        XCTAssertTrue(d.contains { $0.localizedCaseInsensitiveContains("disk") })
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Alert sustained evaluator
+
+    func testSustainedFiresOnlyAfterRequiredCycles() {
+        var count = 0
+        var result = AlertEvaluator.sustained(breached: true, previousCount: count, requiredCycles: 3)
+        count = result.count
+        XCTAssertFalse(result.firing)   // 1
+        result = AlertEvaluator.sustained(breached: true, previousCount: count, requiredCycles: 3)
+        count = result.count
+        XCTAssertFalse(result.firing)   // 2
+        result = AlertEvaluator.sustained(breached: true, previousCount: count, requiredCycles: 3)
+        count = result.count
+        XCTAssertTrue(result.firing)    // 3 → fires
+    }
+
+    func testSustainedResetsWhenConditionClears() {
+        var count = 5
+        let result = AlertEvaluator.sustained(breached: false, previousCount: count, requiredCycles: 3)
+        count = result.count
+        XCTAssertFalse(result.firing)
+        XCTAssertEqual(count, 0)
+    }
+
+    func testSeverityOrdering() {
+        XCTAssertTrue(AlertSeverity.info < AlertSeverity.warning)
+        XCTAssertTrue(AlertSeverity.warning < AlertSeverity.critical)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - AlertCenter integration (de-dup + inbox)
+
+    @MainActor
+    func testAlertCenterDedupesAndClearsActiveKinds() {
+        let center = AlertCenter.shared
+        center.clearInbox()
+
+        let mem = MemoryInfo(totalMemory: 16, usedMemory: 15, freeMemory: 1, activeMemory: 8,
+                             inactiveMemory: 2, wiredMemory: 3, compressedMemory: 2, cachedMemory: 0,
+                             swapUsed: 0, swapTotal: 0, memoryPressure: .critical)
+
+        let before = center.alerts.count
+        // Two consecutive critical-pressure evaluations → only ONE alert (de-dup).
+        center.evaluate(cpuUsage: 5, memory: mem, disk: nil, thermal: .nominal, topProcess: nil, power: nil)
+        center.evaluate(cpuUsage: 5, memory: mem, disk: nil, thermal: .nominal, topProcess: nil, power: nil)
+        XCTAssertEqual(center.alerts.count, before + 1, "critical memory pressure should fire exactly once")
+        XCTAssertTrue(center.activeKinds.contains(.memoryPressure))
+
+        // Pressure recovers → active kind clears, no new alert added.
+        let ok = MemoryInfo(totalMemory: 16, usedMemory: 4, freeMemory: 12, activeMemory: 2,
+                            inactiveMemory: 1, wiredMemory: 1, compressedMemory: 0, cachedMemory: 0,
+                            swapUsed: 0, swapTotal: 0, memoryPressure: .nominal)
+        center.evaluate(cpuUsage: 5, memory: ok, disk: nil, thermal: .nominal, topProcess: nil, power: nil)
+        XCTAssertFalse(center.activeKinds.contains(.memoryPressure))
+    }
+}

TopManagerTests/MetricsStoreTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import TopManager
+
+final class MetricsStoreTests: XCTestCase {
+
+    private func sample(_ secondsAgo: TimeInterval, cpu: Double = 0, memUsed: UInt64 = 0,
+                        memTotal: UInt64 = 100, down: Double = 0, up: Double = 0,
+                        now: Date) -> MetricsSample {
+        MetricsSample(t: now.addingTimeInterval(-secondsAgo), cpu: cpu,
+                      memUsed: memUsed, memTotal: memTotal, netDown: down, netUp: up)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - trim
+
+    func testTrimDropsOldSamples() {
+        let now = Date()
+        let samples = [
+            sample(10_000, now: now), // older than 1h
+            sample(100, now: now),    // within 1h
+            sample(50, now: now)
+        ]
+        let trimmed = MetricsMath.trim(samples, now: now, maxAge: 3600, maxCount: 100)
+        XCTAssertEqual(trimmed.count, 2)
+        XCTAssertFalse(trimmed.contains { $0.t < now.addingTimeInterval(-3600) })
+    }
+
+    func testTrimCapsCountKeepingNewest() {
+        let now = Date()
+        // 10 samples, 0..9 seconds ago; keep newest 5
+        let samples = (0..<10).map { sample(Double($0), cpu: Double($0), now: now) }
+        let trimmed = MetricsMath.trim(samples, now: now, maxAge: 3600, maxCount: 5)
+        XCTAssertEqual(trimmed.count, 5)
+        // suffix keeps the last 5 of the input order (cpu 5..9)
+        XCTAssertEqual(trimmed.map { $0.cpu }, [5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - downsample
+
+    func testDownsampleZeroBucketIsPassthrough() {
+        let now = Date()
+        let samples = (0..<5).map { sample(Double($0), cpu: Double($0), now: now) }
+        XCTAssertEqual(MetricsMath.downsample(samples, bucket: 0).count, 5)
+    }
+
+    func testDownsampleAveragesWithinBucket() {
+        // Two samples 0s and 5s into the same 60s bucket → averaged to one point.
+        let epoch = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_000_000) // aligned into bucket 16666
+        let s1 = MetricsSample(t: epoch, cpu: 20, memUsed: 40, memTotal: 100, netDown: 100, netUp: 10)
+        let s2 = MetricsSample(t: epoch.addingTimeInterval(5), cpu: 40, memUsed: 60, memTotal: 100, netDown: 300, netUp: 30)
+        let out = MetricsMath.downsample([s1, s2], bucket: 60)
+        XCTAssertEqual(out.count, 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(out[0].cpu, 30, accuracy: 0.001)
+        XCTAssertEqual(out[0].memUsed, 50)
+        XCTAssertEqual(out[0].netDown, 200, accuracy: 0.001)
+        XCTAssertEqual(out[0].netUp, 20, accuracy: 0.001)
+    }
+
+    func testDownsampleReducesPointCountForLongRange() {
+        let base = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 2_000_000)
+        // 600 samples one second apart → into 60s buckets ≈ 10 points
+        let samples = (0..<600).map {
+            MetricsSample(t: base.addingTimeInterval(Double($0)), cpu: 1, memUsed: 1, memTotal: 100, netDown: 0, netUp: 0)
+        }
+        let out = MetricsMath.downsample(samples, bucket: 60)
+        XCTAssertLessThanOrEqual(out.count, 11)
+        XCTAssertGreaterThanOrEqual(out.count, 10)
+        // output must be time-sorted
+        XCTAssertEqual(out, out.sorted { $0.t < $1.t })
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - persistence round-trip
+
+    func testStorePersistsAndReloads() {
+        let tmp = URL(fileURLWithPath: NSTemporaryDirectory())
+            .appendingPathComponent("tm-test-\(UUID().uuidString).json")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: tmp) }
+
+        let store = MetricsStore(fileURL: tmp, maxAge: 3600, maxCount: 100, saveEvery: 1)
+        let now = Date()
+        store.record(MetricsSample(t: now, cpu: 42, memUsed: 5, memTotal: 10, netDown: 1, netUp: 2))
+
+        // saveEvery: 1 persists on the background io queue; wait for the file to appear.
+        let deadline = Date().addingTimeInterval(2)
+        while !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: tmp.path), Date() < deadline {
+            RunLoop.current.run(until: Date().addingTimeInterval(0.02))
+        }
+        XCTAssertTrue(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: tmp.path), "history file was not written")
+
+        let reloaded = MetricsStore(fileURL: tmp, maxAge: 3600, maxCount: 100, saveEvery: 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(reloaded.count, 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(reloaded.samples(since: now.addingTimeInterval(-1)).first?.cpu, 42)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - range config sanity
+
+    func testHistoryRangeLiveHasNoWindow() {
+        XCTAssertNil(HistoryRange.live.seconds)
+        XCTAssertEqual(HistoryRange.live.bucket, 0)
+    }
+
+    func testHistoryRangeWindowsIncrease() {
+        let windows = HistoryRange.allCases.compactMap { $0.seconds }
+        XCTAssertEqual(windows, windows.sorted())
+        XCTAssertEqual(HistoryRange.h24.seconds, 86_400)
+    }
+}

TopManagerTests/ProcessDataTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import TopManager
+
+final class ProcessDataTests: XCTestCase {
+
+    // MARK: - KERN_PROCARGS2 parsing
+
+    private func buildProcArgsBuffer(argc: Int32, path: String, args: [String], env: [String]) -> [UInt8] {
+        var bytes: [UInt8] = [
+            UInt8(argc & 0xff),
+            UInt8((argc >> 8) & 0xff),
+            UInt8((argc >> 16) & 0xff),
+            UInt8((argc >> 24) & 0xff)
+        ]
+        bytes += Array(path.utf8) + [0]
+        bytes += [0, 0] // NUL padding before argv[0]
+        for a in args { bytes += Array(a.utf8) + [0] }
+        for e in env { bytes += Array(e.utf8) + [0] }
+        return bytes
+    }
+
+    func testProcArgsParseExtractsPathAndArgs() {
+        let buffer = buildProcArgsBuffer(argc: 2, path: "/bin/foo",
+                                         args: ["/bin/foo", "--flag"],
+                                         env: ["PATH=/usr/bin"])
+        let parsed = ProcArgs.parse(buffer)
+        XCTAssertEqual(parsed?.path, "/bin/foo")
+        XCTAssertEqual(parsed?.args, ["/bin/foo", "--flag"])
+    }
+
+    func testProcArgsParseStopsAtArgcAndIgnoresEnv() {
+        // argc=1 → only the first arg is returned, env is not leaked into args
+        let buffer = buildProcArgsBuffer(argc: 1, path: "/usr/bin/x",
+                                         args: ["/usr/bin/x"],
+                                         env: ["SECRET=shh"])
+        let parsed = ProcArgs.parse(buffer)
+        XCTAssertEqual(parsed?.args, ["/usr/bin/x"])
+        XCTAssertFalse(parsed?.args.contains { $0.contains("SECRET") } ?? true)
+    }
+
+    func testProcArgsParseZeroArgc() {
+        let buffer = buildProcArgsBuffer(argc: 0, path: "/bin/x", args: [], env: [])
+        let parsed = ProcArgs.parse(buffer)
+        XCTAssertEqual(parsed?.path, "/bin/x")
+        XCTAssertEqual(parsed?.args, [])
+    }
+
+    func testProcArgsParseTooShortReturnsNil() {
+        XCTAssertNil(ProcArgs.parse([1, 2, 3]))
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Energy model
+
+    func testEnergyImpactMonotonicInCPU() {
+        XCTAssertGreaterThan(
+            EnergyModel.impact(cpuPercent: 50, idleWakeupsPerSec: 0),
+            EnergyModel.impact(cpuPercent: 10, idleWakeupsPerSec: 0)
+        )
+    }
+
+    func testEnergyImpactMonotonicInWakeups() {
+        XCTAssertGreaterThan(
+            EnergyModel.impact(cpuPercent: 10, idleWakeupsPerSec: 500),
+            EnergyModel.impact(cpuPercent: 10, idleWakeupsPerSec: 0)
+        )
+    }
+
+    func testEnergyImpactClampsNegativeInputsToZero() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(EnergyModel.impact(cpuPercent: -5, idleWakeupsPerSec: -100), 0, accuracy: 0.0001)
+    }
+
+    func testEnergyImpactEqualsCPUWhenNoWakeups() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(EnergyModel.impact(cpuPercent: 33, idleWakeupsPerSec: 0), 33, accuracy: 0.0001)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - ProcessItem derived + equality
+
+    func testDiskTotalRateSumsReadAndWrite() {
+        let p = ProcessItem(pid: 1, name: "a", user: "u", cpuUsage: 0, cpuUsageTotal: 0,
+                            memoryUsage: 0, threadCount: 0, state: .running, icon: nil,
+                            parentPid: 0, startTime: nil, diskReadRate: 100, diskWriteRate: 50)
+        XCTAssertEqual(p.diskTotalRate, 150)
+    }
+
+    func testEqualityDetectsEnergyChange() {
+        func make(energy: Double) -> ProcessItem {
+            ProcessItem(pid: 1, name: "a", user: "u", cpuUsage: 1, cpuUsageTotal: 1,
+                        memoryUsage: 1, threadCount: 1, state: .running, icon: nil,
+                        parentPid: 0, startTime: nil, energyImpact: energy)
+        }
+        // Table refresh relies on == seeing energy/disk changes.
+        XCTAssertNotEqual(make(energy: 5), make(energy: 9))
+        XCTAssertEqual(make(energy: 5), make(energy: 5))
+    }
+}

TopManagerTests/SettingsTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import XCTest
+@testable import TopManager
+
+final class SettingsTests: XCTestCase {
+
+    func testClampIntervalBounds() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(AppSettings.clampInterval(0.2), 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(AppSettings.clampInterval(100), 30)
+        XCTAssertEqual(AppSettings.clampInterval(5), 5)
+        XCTAssertEqual(AppSettings.clampInterval(1), 1)
+        XCTAssertEqual(AppSettings.clampInterval(30), 30)
+    }
+
+    func testMenuBarMetricRoundTrip() {
+        for metric in MenuBarMetric.allCases {
+            XCTAssertEqual(MenuBarMetric(rawValue: metric.rawValue), metric)
+        }
+        XCTAssertNil(MenuBarMetric(rawValue: "nonexistent"))
+    }
+
+    func testMenuBarMetricCoversKeyMetrics() {
+        XCTAssertTrue(MenuBarMetric.allCases.contains(.cpu))
+        XCTAssertTrue(MenuBarMetric.allCases.contains(.memory))
+        XCTAssertTrue(MenuBarMetric.allCases.contains(.health))
+        XCTAssertTrue(MenuBarMetric.allCases.contains(.download))
+    }
+}

docs/TESTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# TopManager — Testing Process
+
+This document defines the repeatable test process used while evolving TopManager.
+Every feature increment must pass all five gates below before it is considered done.
+
+## Gate 1 — Compile
+```bash
+scripts/test.sh build
+```
+Fast feedback that the code compiles for `platform=macOS,arch=arm64`. First gate on every change.
+
+## Gate 2 — Unit tests (automated, self-run)
+```bash
+scripts/test.sh test        # or: xcodebuild ... test
+```
+Pure-logic is covered by XCTest in `TopManagerTests/` using `@testable import TopManager`.
+The suite intentionally targets deterministic logic (no live system state):
+
+- **Formatting / model math** — bytes, rates, percentages, uptime, usage %.
+- **MetricsStore** — ring-buffer trim, persistence round-trip, downsampling per range.
+- **Energy heuristic** — score is monotonic in CPU and wakeups, clamped to 0–100.
+- **Alert engine** — threshold crossings fire/clear correctly, sustained-window logic,
+  de-duplication (no alert storms), severity ordering.
+- **Health score** — 0–100, decreases with pressure/thermal/swap/disk load.
+- **Battery math** — time-remaining and capacity-health formatting.
+
+Tests must stay hermetic: no sleeping on real timers, no asserting on live CPU numbers.
+
+## Gate 3 — Runtime smoke test (self-run on this machine)
+Launch the built app, drive real load, confirm no crash and data populates.
+```bash
+# build a runnable .app
+xcodebuild -project TopManager.xcodeproj -scheme TopManager -configuration Debug \
+  -destination 'platform=macOS,arch=arm64' build CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+APP=$(find ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/TopManager-*/Build/Products/Debug -name TopManager.app | head -1)
+open "$APP"
+# generate CPU load in the background, then verify TopManager surfaces it
+yes > /dev/null & LOAD=$!; sleep 8; kill $LOAD
+```
+Verify: process list shows the load generator near the top, charts move, no crash in
+`Console`/stderr, menu bar updates, alerts fire when thresholds are crossed.
+
+## Gate 4 — Ground-truth cross-checks
+TopManager's numbers are validated against OS tools so we don't ship wrong data:
+
+| TopManager metric      | Ground truth command                        |
+|------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
+| Per-process CPU/mem    | `ps -Ao pid,pcpu,pmem,comm -r | head`       |
+| System memory          | `vm_stat`, `sysctl vm.swapusage`            |
+| Disk volumes / free    | `df -h`                                      |
+| Battery / power        | `pmset -g batt`, `ioreg -rn AppleSmartBattery` |
+| Thermal state          | `pmset -g therm`                             |
+| Network throughput     | `netstat -ib`                                |
+
+Small deltas are expected (sampling windows differ); order-of-magnitude or ranking
+mismatches are bugs.
+
+## Gate 5 — Regression: original features intact
+Manually confirm each shipped feature still works: Processes (sort/search/kill/suspend/
+resume), Apps (activate/hide/quit/force-quit/copy bundle id), Performance (CPU/Mem/Net
+charts), Power & Storage (system/GPU/storage/network), and the menu-bar readout.
+
+## Loop
+```
+implement slice → Gate 1 → Gate 2 → Gate 3 → Gate 4 → Gate 5 → checkpoint commit
+```
+Repeat per increment until the value rubric in `docs/VALUE_PLAN.md` is met.

docs/VALUE_PLAN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# TopManager — 10× Value Plan
+
+## Thesis
+TopManager today is a polished, **read-only Activity Monitor clone**: it *shows* numbers.
+Its value ceiling is "I can see what's using my Mac and kill a process."
+
+To make it ~10× more valuable we move it from **viewer → system-intelligence & control
+center**: it watches the system for you, remembers its history, explains problems, exposes
+data Activity Monitor hides, and lets you act — including always-on from the menu bar.
+
+All existing features are preserved (several are improved).
+
+## Value rubric (capability scoring)
+| Dimension | Before | After (target) |
+|---|---|---|
+| Per-process depth | CPU, mem, threads, state | + disk I/O rate, energy impact, args, open files, full path, tree |
+| Time memory | 60 in-RAM points, lost on quit | persistent history, minutes → 24h, survives restart |
+| Proactivity | none | threshold alerts + native notifications + health score + diagnosis |
+| Energy / battery | **absent** | battery health (cycles/condition/capacity) + per-process energy |
+| Always-on surface | bare "12%" | rich menu-bar HUD: CPU/RAM/net + top consumers + quick-kill |
+| Customization | none (all hardcoded) | Settings: refresh rate, menu metric, thresholds, launch-at-login |
+
+## Increments
+0. **Test harness** — XCTest target, `@testable import`, 5-gate process. ✅
+1. **Persistent history** — `MetricsStore` ring buffer on disk; 1m/5m/1h/24h charts.
+2. **Deep per-process data** — disk I/O, energy impact, args, open files, path; surface the
+   (currently unused) `ProcessDetailView` as a real inspector; new sortable columns.
+3. **Battery + energy** — IOKit `PowerMonitor`; Energy/Battery UI; menu-bar battery.
+4. **Alerts + health** — `AlertEngine`, `UserNotifications`, in-app inbox, 0–100 health score,
+   "why is my Mac slow?" diagnosis.
+5. **Settings + rich menu bar** — configurable refresh/metric/thresholds, launch-at-login
+   (`SMAppService`), menu-bar HUD with top consumers + quick actions.
+6. **Verification** — full test run, runtime smoke, ground-truth cross-checks, sign, commit.
+
+## Non-negotiables
+- Never break a shipped feature (regression Gate 5).
+- No new entitlements / no root / no privileged helper — must run & sign as-is.
+- Every increment passes all five gates in `docs/TESTING.md` before moving on.

project.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ settings:
     SWIFT_VERSION: "5.9"
     CODE_SIGN_STYLE: Automatic
     ENABLE_HARDENED_RUNTIME: YES
-    DEVELOPMENT_TEAM: ""
+    DEVELOPMENT_TEAM: "P3663392R2"
 
 targets:
   TopManager:
@@ -33,5 +33,34 @@ targets:
         ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME: AppIcon
     info:
       path: TopManager/Info.plist
-    entitlements:
+
-      path: TopManager/TopManager.entitlements
+  TopManagerTests:
+    type: bundle.unit-test
+    platform: macOS
+    sources:
+      - path: TopManagerTests
+        excludes:
+          - "**/.DS_Store"
+    dependencies:
+      - target: TopManager
+    settings:
+      base:
+        PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER: com.topmanager.TopManagerTests
+        GENERATE_INFOPLIST_FILE: YES
+        TEST_HOST: "$(BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR)/TopManager.app/Contents/MacOS/TopManager"
+        BUNDLE_LOADER: "$(TEST_HOST)"
+        CODE_SIGN_STYLE: Automatic
+
+schemes:
+  TopManager:
+    build:
+      targets:
+        TopManager: all
+        TopManagerTests: [test]
+    run:
+      config: Debug
+    test:
+      config: Debug
+      targets:
+        - TopManagerTests
+      gatherCoverageData: false

scripts/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Fast build+test loop driver for TopManager.
+# Usage:
+#   scripts/test.sh build   # compile only (fast gate)
+#   scripts/test.sh test    # compile + run unit tests
+#   scripts/test.sh         # same as "test"
+set -euo pipefail
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
+
+ACTION="${1:-test}"
+DEST='platform=macOS,arch=arm64'
+COMMON=(-project TopManager.xcodeproj -scheme TopManager -configuration Debug -destination "$DEST" CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO)
+
+case "$ACTION" in
+  build)
+    xcodebuild "${COMMON[@]}" build 2>&1 | tail -20
+    ;;
+  test)
+    xcodebuild "${COMMON[@]}" test 2>&1 \
+      | grep -E "Test Suite|Executed|error:|warning:.*unused|BUILD|TEST (SUCCEEDED|FAILED)|failed \(" \
+      | tail -40
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "unknown action: $ACTION" >&2; exit 2 ;;
+esac